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Lecture 4-Network Topologies

The document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. It provides details on the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of each topology. Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes but if the cable fails the whole network fails. Star topology uses a central hub to connect all nodes and only the disconnected node is affected if it fails. Ring topology forms a closed loop connecting each node to the next which can disrupt the network if a node fails.

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Nikhil Gaddam
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712 views

Lecture 4-Network Topologies

The document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. It provides details on the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of each topology. Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes but if the cable fails the whole network fails. Star topology uses a central hub to connect all nodes and only the disconnected node is affected if it fails. Ring topology forms a closed loop connecting each node to the next which can disrupt the network if a node fails.

Uploaded by

Nikhil Gaddam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topologies

Network Topology

The arrangement of a network which comprises of nodes


and connecting lines via sender and receiver is referred as
network topology.
Types of Network Topology
1.Bus Topology
2.Star Topology
3.Ring Topology
4.Mesh Topology
5.Tree Topology
6.Hybrid Topology
Bus Topology

Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network


device is connected to single cable. When it has exactly two
endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology.
Features of Bus Topology
•It transmits data only in one direction.
•Every device is connected to a single cable

Advantages of Bus Topology


•It is cost effective.
•Cable required is least compared to other network topology.
•Used in small networks.
•It is easy to understand.
•Easy to expand joining two cables together.
Bus Topology

Disadvantages of Bus Topology


•Cables fails then whole network fails.
•If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the
network decreases.
•Cable has a limited length.
•It is slower than the ring topology.
Star Topology

All the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This
hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the
central node.
Features of Star Topology
•Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.
•Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
•Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fibre or coaxial cable.

Advantages of Star Topology


•Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
•Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work smoothly.
•Hub can be upgraded easily.
•Easy to troubleshoot.
•Easy to setup and modify.
Star Topology

Disadvantages of Star Topology


•Cost of installation is high.
•Expensive to use.
•If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes depend on
the hub.
•Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity
Ring Topology

It forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer,


with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbours for
each device.
Features of Ring Topology
•A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of nodes.

• The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2


connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.

•In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in
opposite direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a
backup, to keep the network up.

•Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted, has
to pass through each node of the network, till the destination node.
Ring Topology

Advantages of Ring Topology


•Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by
adding more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can
transmit data.
•Cheap to install and expand

Disadvantages of Ring Topology


•Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
•Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network
activity.
•Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.
Ring Topology

Uni-directional Bi-directional
Mesh Topology

It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the


network nodes are connected to each other. Mesh has n(n-1)/2 physical
channels to link n devices.
There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh topology, they
are :
•Routing
In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network requirements. Like
routing logic to direct the data to reach the destination using the shortest distance.
We can even have routing logic, to re-configure the failed nodes.

•Flooding
In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network nodes, hence no routing
logic is required. The network is robust, and the its very unlikely to lose the data. But
it leads to unwanted load over the network.
Mesh Topology

Types of Mesh Topology


•Partial Mesh Topology : In this topology some of the
systems are connected in the same fashion as mesh topology
but some devices are only connected to two or three devices.
•Full Mesh Topology : Each and every nodes or devices are
connected to each other.

Features of Mesh Topology


•Fully connected.
•Robust.
•Not flexible.
Mesh Topology

Advantages of Mesh Topology


•Each connection can carry its own data load.
•It is robust.
•Fault is diagnosed easily.
•Provides security and privacy.

Disadvantages of Mesh Topology


•Installation and configuration is difficult.
•Cabling cost is more.
•Bulk wiring is required.
Mesh Topology

Full Mesh Topology Partial Mesh Topology


Tree Topology

It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming
a hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology. It should at
least have three levels to the hierarchy.
Features of Tree Topology
•Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
•Used in Wide Area Network.

Advantages of Tree Topology


•Extension of bus and star topologies.
•Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
•Easily managed and maintained.
•Error detection is easily done.
Tree Topology

Disadvantages of Tree Topology


•Heavily cabled.
•Costly.
•If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
•Central hub fails, network fails.
Hybrid Topology
Hybrid topology combines two or more topologies.
• For example if in an office in one department ring
topology is used and in another star topology is used,
connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology
(ring topology and star topology).
Features of Hybrid Topology
•It is a combination of two or topologies
•Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included

Advantages of Hybrid Topology


•Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
•Effective.
•Scalable as size can be increased easily.
•Flexible.

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