Quantitative vs.
Qualitative
and
Mix Method
Kris Labayog Garcia
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
• Testing theories and hypothesis • Exploring ideas and formulating a theory or
• Used structured survey instrument that asks all hypothesis
respondents the same questions in order to allow for • Concerned with how people think and feel about the
statistical analysis. topics of concern to the research.
• Analyze through math and statistical analysis • Analyzed by summarizing, categorizing and
interpreting
• Mainly expressed in number, graphs and tables • Mainly expressed in words
* Requires many respondents ( macro- analysis) • Requires few respondents (micro analysis)
• Closed questions • Open-ended questions
Key terms are: Key terms are:
-testing, measurement -understanding, context
-objectivity, replicability - complexity, subjectivity
When to use quantitative or qualitative
research?
Use QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH if you want
to confirm or test something.
Use QUALITATIVE RESEARCH if you want
to understand something.
What Is Mixed Methods Research?
A mixed methods research design is a procedure for collecting, analyzing,
and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative research and methods in a
single study to understand a research problem.
Mixed Methods Research Methodology
Utilizes both quantitative and qualitative data collection methodologies.
Examples
Interviews and Questionnaires
Performance Tests and Observation
Questionnaires and follow up Focus groups
Document analysis, Performance Tests, Questionnaire, and Interviews
Key Characteristics of Mixed Methods
Designs: Rationale
Rationale
Test findings of first phase
Explain results of first phase in more detail
Provide a more complete understanding than either quantitative or
qualitative alone
Collecting both quantitative and qualitative data
Numeric data
Text data
Key Characteristics of Mixed Methods Designs:
Priority and Sequence
Priority
Equal weight
QUAN carries more weight than qual
QUAL carries more weight than quan
Sequence
Collect both quantitative and qualitative data at the same time
Collect quantitative data first, followed by qualitative data
Collect qualitative data first, followed by quantitative data
Key Decisions In Choosing A Mixed Methods
Study
The level of interaction between the quantitative and qualitative
strands
The priority of the strands
The timing of the strands
Where and how to mix the strands
The Convergent Parallel Design
Purposes for the Convergent Design
Obtain a more complete understanding from two databases
Corroborate results from different methods
Compare multiple levels within a system
When to Use the Convergent Design
Need to collect both types of data in one visit to the field
Both types of data have equal value for understanding the
research problem
Have quantitative and qualitative research skills
Can manage extensive data collection activities individually or
with a team
Convergent Design
Philosophical assumptions:
Best suited to an "umbrella" paradigm such as pragmatism
Common variants:
Parallel-databases variant
Data-transformation variant
Data-validation variant
The Explanatory Sequential Design
Purposes for the Explanatory Design
To use qualitative data to help explain quantitative results that
need further exploration
To use quantitative results to purposefully select best
participants for qualitative study
When to Use the Explanatory Design
Researcher and research problem are quantitatively oriented
Know important variables and instruments are available
Participants available for second data collection
Have time to conduct two phases
Have limited resources and need to collect and analyze one data type at a
time
New questions emerge from quantitative results
Explanatory Design
Philosophical assumptions:
Begin from post positivism for the quantitative phase
Shift to constructivism for the qualitative phase
Common variants:
Follow-up explanations variant
Participant-selection variant
The Exploratory Sequential Design
Qualitative Quantitative
Purposes for the Exploratory Design
To first explore because variables, theories, hypotheses not
known
To develop an instrument or typology that is not available
To assess whether qualitative themes generalize to a population
When to Use the Exploratory Design
Researcher and research problem are qualitatively oriented
Important variables not known and instruments not available
Have time to conduct two phases
Have limited resources and need to collect and analyze one data type at
a time
New questions have emerged from qualitative results
Exploratory Design
Philosophical assumptions:
Begin from constructivism for the qualitative phase
Shift to post positivism for the quantitative phase
Common variants:
Theory-development variant
Instrument-development variant
The Embedded Design Interpretation
Purposes for the Embedded Design
To address different questions that call for different
methods
To enhance an experiment such as by
Improving recruitment procedures
Examining the intervention process
Explaining reactions to participation
When to Use the Embedded Design
Have expertise with the primary design
Are comfortable with the primary orientation
Have little prior experience with the supplemental method
Resources limit placing equal priority on both methods
Need for a secondary data set emerges
Embedded Design
Philosophical assumptions:
Worldview may reflect the primary approach, use pragmatism for a concurrent
approach, or shift in a sequential approach
Common variants:
Embedded experiment
Embedded correlational
Embedded instrument development and validation
Mixed methods case study
Mixed methods narrative research
Mixed methods ethnography
REFERENCES:
Whitley, B.E. & Kite, M.E. (2013). Principles of research in
behavioral science (3rd ed. )Routledge
John W. Creswell, J. David Creswell. Ph D, Vicki L. Plano Clark,
PhD
Mixed Methods, Nova SouthEastern University, Abraham S.
Fischler
Third Edition Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research
Thank you
And
God Bless
