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Introduction of Technology in Business: Lecturer: Tariq Najam

The document provides an overview of different types of storage systems used in personal computers. It discusses the characteristics of storage systems and describes primary storage technologies like hard drives, optical discs, flash memory, and network/cloud storage. Specific topics covered include hard drive components and speeds, optical disc types, flash memory uses, and cloud storage access via the internet.

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61 views

Introduction of Technology in Business: Lecturer: Tariq Najam

The document provides an overview of different types of storage systems used in personal computers. It discusses the characteristics of storage systems and describes primary storage technologies like hard drives, optical discs, flash memory, and network/cloud storage. Specific topics covered include hard drive components and speeds, optical disc types, flash memory uses, and cloud storage access via the internet.

Uploaded by

Anum Saleem.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction of Technology in Business

Lecturer: Tariq Najam

Prepared by: Tariq Najam


Lecture 3
Storage

Prepared by: Tariq Najam


Agenda

01 The characteristics common among all storage systems

02 The primary storage for most personal computers

03 How optical discs work and the various types

04 Flash memory storage systems


05 Network and cloud storage

06 Storage alternatives for a typical personal computer


Storage System Characteristics
• Storage Media and Storage Devices
– Medium
• Hardware where data is stored
• DVD disc, flash memory card, etc.
– Device
• DVD drive, flash memory card reader, etc.
• Medium is inserted into device to be used
– Can be internal, external, or remote
– Storage devices are typically identified by
letter
Storage System Characteristics
Storage System Characteristics

• Volatility
– Storage media are nonvolatile
• Random vs. Sequential Access
– Random access (direct access) allows data to be
retrieved from any location on the storage medium
– Virtually all storage devices use random access
– Sequential access means retrieval of data can occur only
in the order in which it was physically stored on the
storage medium
• Magnetic tape drive
Storage System Characteristics

• Logical vs. Physical Representation


– File
• Anything stored on a storage medium, such as a
program, document, digital image, or song
– Filename
• Name given to a file by the user
– Folder
• Named place on a storage medium
into which files can be stored
Storage System Characteristics
Storage System Characteristics

– Logical file representation


• Individuals view a document stored as one complete
unit in a particular folder on a particular drive
– Physical file representation
• Computers access a particular document stored on a
storage medium using its physical location or locations
• Types of Storage Technology Used
• Magnetic (conventional hard drives)
• Optical (optical discs)
• Electrons (flash memory media)
Hard Drives

• Hard Drive
– Used to store most
programs and data
– Can be internal or external
– Can be encrypted
• Magnetic Hard Drives
– One or more permanently
sealed metal magnetic
disks with an access
mechanism and read/write
heads
Hard Drives
Hard Drives
• Hard disks are divided into:
– Tracks
• Concentric path on disk where data is recorded
– Sectors
• A small piece of the track
– Clusters
• One or more sectors; smallest addressable area of a
disk
– Cylinders
• Collection of tracks located in the same location on a
set of hard disk surfaces
Hard Drives
Hard Drives

• Solid State Drives (SSDs)


– Use flash memory
technology
– Use less power and have
no moving parts
– Particularly appropriate for
portable computers and
mobile devices
Internal and External Hard Drives
• Internal hard drives
– Permanent storage devices located inside the system unit
– Removed only if a problem develops
• External hard drives
– Commonly used to transport large amounts of data from
one computer to another
– Portable external hard drives are smaller and easier to
transport
– Most connect with a USB connection although some may
be wireless
Internal and External Hard Drives
Hard Drive Speed, Disk Caching, and Hybrid Hard
Drives
• Disk access time
– Total time that it takes for a hard drive to read or write
data
– Consists of seek time, rotational delay, and data
movement time
• Disk cache
– Memory used in conjunction with a magnetic hard
drive to
improve system performance
– Typically consist of memory chips on a circuit board inside the
hard drive case
Hard Drive Speed, Disk Caching, and Hybrid
Hard Drives

• Hybrid Hard Drive


– Combination of flash
memory and magnetic
hard drive
– Uses flash memory for
cache
– Allows encryption to be
built into the drive
Hard Drive Partitioning and File Systems

• Partitioning
– Divides the physical capacity of a single drive logically into
separate areas, called partitions
– Partitions function as independent hard drives
– Referred to as logical drives
– Increases efficiency (smaller drives use smaller clusters)
• Partitions used to create:
– A recovery partition
– A new logical drive for data
– A dual boot system
Hard Drive Partitioning and File Systems

• File system
– Determines the partition size, cluster size, maximum drive
size, and maximum file size
• FAT, FAT32, and NTFS
Optical Discs and Drives
• Optical Drives
– Three categories of discs: CD, DVD, or Blu-Ray Disc (BD)
– Can be read-only, recordable, or rewritable
– Almost always downward compatible
– Can support single or dual layer discs
– Recording data onto disc is called burning
– Can be internal or external drives
• External drives typically connect via USB
port
Optical Discs and Drives
Read-Only Optical Discs
• CD ROM, DVD ROM, and BD-ROM
– Can be read from, but not written to, by the user
• CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory)
• DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc read-only memory)
• BD-ROM (Blu-Ray Disc read-only memory)
– Normally come pre-recorded
• Software programs
• Clip art and other graphics
• Music
• Movies
• Games (PlayStation, Wii, Xbox, etc.)
Recordable Optical Discs

• CD-R, DVD-R, DVD+R, BD-R Discs


– Can be written to, but cannot be erased and reused
– No physically molded pits
– Most have a recording layer containing organic light except the
BD-R disc, which has inorganic material
– Used for backing up files, sending large files to others, and
creating custom music CDs
Rewritable Optical Discs

• CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and BD-RE Discs


– Can be written to, but cannot be erased and reused
• Uses phase change technology
– Heating and cooling process is used to change the
reflectivity of the disc
• Capacities are identical to the read-only and recordable
discs, except BDXL
– Appropriate for transferring large files from one computer
to another or temporarily storing TV shows
Flash Memory Storage Systems

• Flash Memory
– Chip-based storage medium that represents data using
electrons
– Used in SSDs and hybrid hard drives
• Embedded Flash Memory
– Flash memory chips embedded into products, such as
• Portable digital media players, digital cameras
• Handheld gaming devices, GPS devices, mobile phones
• Sunglasses and wristwatches
Flash Memory Storage Systems
Flash Memory Storage Systems
• USB Flash Drives
– Sometimes called flash memory drives, jump drives, or
thumb drives
– Flash memory media integrated into a self-contained unit that
plug into and is powered by a USB port
– Designed to be very small and very portable
– Available in a host of formats including custom shapes
– Can be built into a consumer product
– Can be used to lock a computer and to issue Web site
passwords
– Can include biometric features, such as a built-in
fingerprint reader
Network and Cloud Storage Systems
Network and Cloud Storage Systems

• Cloud storage (online storage)


– Accessed via the Internet
• Via Web sites (Flickr, Facebook, Google Docs, etc.)
• Via online storage sites (Box, Dropbox, etc.)
• Growing in importance because more and more
applications are Web based
• Increasing being used for backup purposes
• Files can be synched between PC and cloud storage
• Many Web sites providing online storage offer it free
• Business cloud storage is available

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