Yoga is a hindu spiritual and ascetic discipline, a part of which,

including breath control, simple meditation, and the adoption of

specific bodily postures, is widely practiced for health and relaxation.
In sankrit (ancient language of the world) it means to ”yoke” or
union.
Yoga
Aromatherapy
Holistic treatment based on the external use of essential aromatic
plant oils to maintain and promote physical, physiological, and
spiritual well being.
a part of herbal medicine and one of the fastest growing field in
alternative medicine.
Used for the relief of pain, reduce anxiety, and promote relaxation.
History of Aromatherapy
> Nearly 6000 years old
> used in Greece, Rome and Egypt.
> By Egyptian physician Imhotep, God of medicine and healing and
Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine.
With holistic perspective, preventive health care
and useful complementary treatment
 Essential oils have antiseptic, and some have antiviral, anti
inflammatory, pain relieving, antidepressant, stimulation, relaxation,
digestion improvement, diuretic properties and expectorant properties.
widely used at home, clinics and hospitals.
 How does aromatherapy works
 The effects of an aroma can be relaxing or
stimulating.
 Work at psychological, physiological, and
cellular levels.
 affect body, mind and all the delicate links
in between
Produced Only steam distillation or expression or squeezing methods.
Method of application
Three ways:
 through ingestion,
 through olfaction, the fastest effect, triggers olfactory sense and
trigger responses in limbic system.
 through topical application, via diffusion, compression, massage.
Evidence based research and clinical practice
Human can the capability to distinguish 10,000 different smells.
 Smell controls our moods, emotions, memory and learning.
doctors have found that a life without fragrance can lead to high
incidence of psychiatric problems.
smelling lavender increases alpha waves in the back of head.
Fragrance of Jasmine increases beta waves in the front of the heads.
evidence Based Research and
Clinical Practice contd..

A study conducted in Japanese fragrance company found that

Japanese have reported less mistakes by key punch operators when
exposed to fragrance.
British Medical Journal Lancet, elderly patients slept "like babies"
when a lavender aroma was wafted into their bedrooms at night.
Han et al. (2006) found a mixture of essential oils topically applied to
the abdomen of 67 nurses had a statically significant effect on
reducing menstrual pain
Warnke et al., Edward-Jones et al, Bowlers et al. tested tea tree against several staphylococcal
strains including MRSA, four streptococcus strains, and three candida strains including candida
krusei
decrease in prevalence of MRSA, most effective against MRSA in dressing.
peppermint, and lemon reduced malodor and volatile sulfur compound in intensive care unit
patients.
A Japanese study found that black peeper stimulated swallowing reflex in people with
dysfunction following stroke
A paper by Lesho suggests that essential oils would be useful to reduce the incidence of hospital
acquired and ventilator
associated pneumonia
Implication of nursing practice and theory
Aromatherapy resonates with various theory of
nursing.
 Watson's Theory of Caring
 Barret's Theory of Power
 Nightingale's Theory of Nursing
 Erickson's work which led to the modeling theory
 Roger's Nursing Theory
 Added to holistic nursing board examinations in the United States
Risk of Aromatherapy
Not all essential oils, however, should be taken internally.
Oral consumption only under the care and supervision of an experienced
practitioner.
Cautious use during pregnancy, have allergy, high blood pressure or
epilepsy.
 Cautious use in young children or babies.
Dost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or any of
the dissociative disorders
Refrence
Aromatherapy.com (n.d).The balance and harmony ofbody, mind. Essential oils.
Retrieved 01/26/2014 from http://www.aromatherapy.com/essentialoils.html
 Holisticonline.com( 2007). Aromatherapy.
Retrieved 01/26/2014 from http://holistic-online.com/ Aromatherapy/aroma_benefits.htm
Dossey, B. M., & Keegan, L. (2013). Holistic nursing: a handbook for practice (6th ed.).
Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Rebecca J. Frey( n.d). Encyclopedia of mental disorder. Aromatherapy. Retrieved
01/26/2014 from http://www.minddisorders.com/A Br/Aromatherapy.html
Aroma
Therapy
STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress
Management
+ When you raise your hand to wave hello to a friend, or lift your knee to take another
step on the Stairmaster, you control these actions.
+ Other body functions – like heart rate, skin temperature, and blood pressure –are
controlled involuntarily by your nervous system.
+ You don't think about making your heart beat faster. It just happens in response to
your environment, like when you're nervous, excited, or exercising.
+ One technique can help you gain more control over these normally involuntary
functions.
+ It's called biofeedback, and the therapy is used to help prevent or treat conditions
including migraine headaches, chronic pain, incontinence, and high blood pressure.
+ Biofeedback is the process of gaining greater awareness of many
physiological functions primarily using instruments that provide
information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being
able to manipulate them at will
+ The idea behind biofeedback is that, by harnessing the power of your
mind and becoming aware of what's going on inside your body, you
can gain more control over your health.
How does biofeedback therapy works
Researchers aren't exactly sure how or why biofeedback works. They do know that
biofeedback promotes relaxation, which can help relieve a number of conditions that are
related to stress.
During a biofeedback session, electrodes are attached to your skin. These electrodes send
signals to a monitor, which displays a sound, flash of light, or image that represents your
heart and breathing rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, sweating, or muscle activity.
When you're under stress, these functions change. Your heart rate speeds up, your muscles
tighten, your blood pressure rises, you start to sweat, and your breathing quickens. You
can see these stress responses as they happen on the monitor, and then get immediate
feedback as you try to stop them.
Each biofeedback therapy section lasts about 30 minutes. Usually, you
can start to see biofeedback benefits within 10 sessions or less. Some
conditions, such as high blood pressure, can take 20 or more sessions
to improve.
Biofeedback
Therapy
Reference
+ Schwartz, M., ed., Biofeedback: A practitioner's guide, The Guilford Press, New
York: 1987
+ Brown, B.B. Stress and The Art of Biofeedback, Harper & Row, New York: 1977
+ Fuller, G. D., Biofeedback: Methods and Procedures in Clinical Practice,
Biofeedback Institute of San Francisco, San Francisco: 1977
+ Karavidas M. K., Lehrer P. M., Vaschillo E. G., Vaschillo B. Marin H., Buyske S.
et al. (2007). "Preliminary results of an open-label study of heart rate variability
biofeedback for the treatment of major depression". Applied Psychophysiology
and Biofeedback 32(1): 19-30. do:10.1007/s10484-006-9029-z. PMID 17333315.
What is goal setting in therapy
Goal setting is an extension of the diagnosis or assessment process.
During the assessment process, the goal is to determine what problems
or concerns the client wants to work on in counseling. In goal setting,
the clinician and client identify specific areas they want to work on in
the counseling process.
What Are Therapy Goals and Objectives?

Therapy is only effective if you take charge and understand your part.
Your counselor cannot fix you — only you can. Setting goals for
therapy is accepting responsibility for your life and taking active steps
to make a change.
Of course, goals vary from person to person. Your counselor will
collaborate with you to create an individual plan that’s just right for your
unique needs. As you set goals and decide what you hope to accomplish
or experience, you’ll better understand what you’re working toward in
therapy.
The five most common goals of counseling
include:
1. Facilitating behavioral change.
2. Helping improve the client’s ability to both establish and maintain relationships.
3. Helping enhance the client’s effectiveness and their ability to cope.
4. Helping promote the decision-making process while facilitating client potential.
5. Development.
These goals are guidelines when it comes to helping the clients to make positive
changes. A big part of the counseling process involves enhancing the client’s ability to
cope.
+ Goals are important for everyone, whether they are in therapy or not.
Goals help you navigate through life whether they are personal goals
, professional goals, a goal to replace a bad habit or simply a goal for
achieving success.
+ Research shows that therapy is much more useful when it involves
having a set plan for what you hope to achieve or accomplish. Setting
goals can also give the therapist a better grasp of client growth as they
proceed with therapy.
According to the Grief Recovery Center, studies show that those who
set useful goals during their therapy sessions typically experience less
stress and anxiety overall as a result of being able to concentrate better.
They often feel happier as well.
How Goal Setting Can Impact Mental Health

According to Rose & Smith, (2018), collaborative goal setting is a

robust method when it comes to mental health support. The study,
which gathered data over a 14-month time frame found that goal
achievement and the strength of a working alliance were demonstrated
to have a positive effect on personal recovery, for those in the study.
Goal
Setting
Humor Therapy Everyone likes a good laugh

Humor therapy is the use of humor for the relief of physical or emotional pain and stress. It is used
as a complementary method to promote health and cope with illness. Humor therapy is often used
in cancer patients to promote well being.
What does it involve? The physical effects of laughter on the body include: Increased breathing
Increased oxygen use Short-term changes in hormones and certain neurotransmitters Increased
heart rate.
What is Humor Therapy used for? Anyone can use humor therapy. People commonly use it to help
in the treatment of chronic diseases, especially those that are made worse by stress (such as heart
disease and Asthma). Chronic diseases have a negative effect on mood and attitude, which can
make the disease worse. Humor therapy helps reduce the negative effects of feeling unhealthy,
afraid, or helpless. These problems are often seen in those with cancer or other chronic diseases.
How was it formed? The History of Humor
Therapy •
For years, the use of humor has been used in medicine. Surgeons used
humor to distract patients from pain as early as the 13th century. Later,
in the 20th century, came the scientific study of the effect of humor on
physical wellness. Many credit this to Norman Cousins. After years of
prolonged pain from a serious illness, Cousins claims to have cured
himself with a self-invented regimen of laughter and vitamins. In his
1979 book Anatomy of an Illness, Cousins describes how watching
comedic movies helped him recover.
 Humor therapy is generally used to: • Improve quality of life • Provide pain relief
Encourage relaxation • Reduce stress. • Researchers have described different types of
humor. 
Types of Humor Therapy • Passive Humor: • Results from seeing prepared material,
such as watching a funny movie or stand-up comedy or reading an amusing book.
• Spontaneous Humor: • Also known as unplanned humor, involves finding humor in
everyday situations. 
Laughter Therapy • Laughter Therapy is a form of Humor Therapy. It is the idea of
constant laughter. • This can take place in: • Laughter Yoga, Laughter Therapy
sessions, or Laughter Clubs.
What is the evidence? 
 Available scientific evidence does not support humor as an effective
treatment for cancer or any other disease; • However, laughter has
many benefits: • Positive physical changes • Overall sense of well-
being • One study found the use of humor led to an increase in pain
tolerance • Laughter can release neurotransmitters called endorphins
that can help regulate pain. • Another study found that neuroendocrine
and stress-related hormones decreased during episodes of laughter. •
These findings provide support for the claim that humor can relieve
stress.
According to some studies, laughter therapy may provide physical benefits,
such as helping to: • Boost the immune system and circulatory system • Enhance
oxygen intake • Stimulate the heart and lungs • Relax muscles throughout the
body • Trigger the release of endorphins (the body’s natural painkillers) • Ease
digestion/soothes stomach aches • Relieve pain • Balance blood pressure •
Improve mental functions (i.e., alertness, memory, creativity)
Laughter therapy may also help to: • Improve overall attitude • Reduce
stress/tension • Promote relaxation • Improve sleep • Enhance quality of life •
Strengthen social bonds and relationships • Produce a general sense of well-
being
Reference
"Humor Therapy." WebMD. N.p., 30-06-2009. Web. 6 Mar 2011.
<http://www.webmd.com/balance/tc/humor-therapy-topic-overview>. • "Humor Therapy." American
Cancer Society. N.p., 01-11-2008. Web. 4 Mar 2011.
<http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine
/MindBodyandSpirit/humor-therapy>. • "Humor Therapy, Laughter Therapy." Holistic Online. N.p.,
01 Jan 2004. Web. 20 Feb 2011. <http://www.holisticonline.com/Humor_Therapy/humor_therapy.htm
• "Laughter Therapy." Cancer Treatment Centers of America. N.p., 12 Nov 2010. Web. 15 Feb 2011.
<http://www.cancercenter.com/complementary-alternative-medicine/laughter-therapy.cfm>. • Chew,
Jackie. "A laugh a day keeps the doctor away." Serendip. N.p., 07 Jan 2002. Web. 15 Feb 2011.
<http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/biology/b103/f01/web2/chew.html>. • Smith, M. (2010). Laughter is
the Best Medicine. Help guide. Retrieved March 6, 2011, from
http://www.helpguide.org/life/humor_laughter_health.htm
Humor
Therapy
Principles
1. The therapist must develop a warm friendly relationship with the child
2. The therapist unconditionally accepts the child
3. -The therapist develops a feeling of permissiveness
4. The therapist recognized the child's feelings expressed in play
5. S. The therapist respects the child's ability to solves problems for herself
6. 6. The therapist does not direct the child's actions
7. 7. The therapist does not hurry the therapy
8. 8. The therapist established only the needed limitations needed to anchor
therapy to reality
play therapy room
Play
Therapy
Music Therapy
Close your eyes
Listen to the music and write down how you feel
when listening to it
What affect does music have on your
mood/emotions?
Have you ever heard a song and it triggers memories
of a past time?
Every human has an innate connection to music
What is music Therapy
Aims to promote, sustain and develop emotional, mental, spiritual and physical health
Based on the principal that, through music, certain parts of the brain are stimulated and
reconditioned to take on different functions
Makes use of rhythm, movement, and speech dynamics to promote attention, self-
awareness, and communication
A Music Therapy session might include singing, making vocalizations playing various
instruments (either percussion or melodic), or listening to music.
Each therapy session has a set of goals and objectives that are unique to the group or child
and therapists are trained in performing assessments, treatment plans and progress reports
Evidence based
1985 World Federation of Music Therapy was formed
This international collaboration led to a more prominent impact in the research
literature around music therapy
Today there still remains a need for improvement in Music Therapy's clinical
research base.
Mrázová & Celec (2010) looked at twenty-eight studies on Music Therapy and
stressed the need for a more homogeneous and systematic approach to research
Current studies lack reproducibility and consistent eligibility requirements
(Reschke-Hernandez, 2011)
Limitation of music Therapy
Costs
 Music Therapy Association of Ontario (MTAO) average
recommended rate is $115 per hour
This includes an initial assessment, progress reports and
discharge notes, done individually or in a group setting
Limitation of trained Music Therapists and agencies where
it is offered
Teachers are not trained in music therapy and cannot
provide the same assessments and progress reports
Strength of music therapy
Can be used to help achieve goals in all areas of development
Can be used with children of all abilities
• It can be adapted for those with different physical, cognitive,
social and behavioral needs
• Adapted musical instruments
• Songs with varying actions
• Complexity of songs including numbers, letters and shapes
• Length of songs
• Turn taking, listening to others, asking questions
• Aggression, short attention span
Music
Therapy