CHAPTER 2:

APPLICATION OF
DIFFERENTIATION

[email protected] MAP 2173

 Maximum
Rate of CHAPTER &
Change 3 Minimum

2
 3.1 RATE OF CHANGE

Notification of the rate of change:

Statement Expression

The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of .

Find the rate of increase of the area …

The area of a square is increasing at the rate of .

The volume of a sphere is increasing at the rate of

3
 • If and , find when .
Example 1

¿(3 𝑥¿¿2+2)×5 ¿
¿ 15 𝑥 2 +10
¿ 15(2)2 +10
¿ 70
4
 • The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of . Find the rate
of increase of the area when the radius is . (Given area of
Example 2 circle, )

𝑑𝑟 1 • The radius of a circle

= israteincreasing at the
𝑑𝑡 3 of .

𝑑𝐴 • Find the rate of

=? increase of the area
𝑑𝑡

𝑟=5
• when the radius is

5
 • The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of . Find the rate
of increase of the area when the radius is . (Given area of
Example 2 circle, )

1
¿2𝜋 𝑟 ×
3
1
¿ 2 𝜋 (5) ×
3
10 𝜋 2 −1
¿ 𝑐𝑚 𝑠
3
6
 • The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of . How fast is
the area is increasing when the radius is ? (Given area of
Example 3 circle, )

𝐴= 𝜋 𝑟 2

¿ 2 𝜋 𝑟 ×0.2
¿ 2 𝜋 (6 )× 0.2
¿ 2.4 𝑐𝑚 2 𝑠−1

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 • The area of a square is increasing at the rate of . Find the
rate of increase of the length of a side when the area is
Example 4 (Given area of the square, )

𝑑𝐴 • The area of a square

=7 israteincreasing at the
𝑑𝑡 of .

𝑑𝑥 • Find the rate of

=? increase of the length
𝑑𝑡 of a side

𝐴=100
• when the area is

8
 • The area of a square is increasing at the rate of . Find the
rate of increase of the length of a side when the area is
Example 4 (Given area of the square, )

1
¿ ×(7 )
2𝑥

𝑑𝑥 1
∴ = (7)
𝑑 𝑡 2(10)
7 −1
¿ 𝑐𝑚 𝑠
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9
 3.2 MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES

dy
0 Maximum
dx

dy
Minimum 0
dx

10
 STEP

 Info
 Formula


 Substitute value or

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Given a curve . Find the value of when . EXAMPLE 1

i) Find
dy
 2 x  5
dx
when
0  2 x  5
2x  5
5
x  2.5
2

ii) Prove

d2y when
2
 2  0  max
dx

*Remember has maximum point max

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 EXAMPLE 1
iii) Conclusion (CONT.)

The value of when is:

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Given a curve . Find the maximum and minimum point of EXAMPLE 2
the curve.

i) Find
dy
 2 x 2  10 x  12
dx
0  2 x 2  10 x  12
0  (2 x  4)( x  3)
4
x 2 x3
2
ii) Find
when x  2, when x  3,
2 3 2 3
y 2  522  122  7 y (3)  5(3) 2  12(3)  7
3 3
7 2

3

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 EXAMPLE 2
(cont.)
iii) Prove and
d2y
2
 4 x  10
dx
when x  2, when x  3,
d2y d2y
2
 4( 2)  10  2  0  max 2
 4(3)  10  2  0  min
dx dx

iv) Conclusion

Maximum point =

Minimum point =

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 The volume of a closed cylinder of radius cm is . EXAMPLE 3

a) Show that the total surface area of the cylinder, .

b) Find the value of when the surface area is
minimum.
c) Calculate the minimum surface area of the solid.

a) Show .

V  r 2 h  250 A  2r 2  2rh

250 2  250 
h 2  2r  2r  2 
r  r 
2 500
 2r 
r

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b) Find the value of when the surface area is minimum.
EXAMPLE 3
(CONT.)

500 when
A  2r 2 
r
 2r 2  500r 1

dA
dr

 4r  (1) 500r  2
500
 4r  2  0
r
500
4r  3
r
500
r3 
4
r 5

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c) Calculate the minimum surface area of the solid.
EXAMPLE 3
(CONT.)
when
500
A  2r 2 
r
500
 2 5 
2

5
 150

Prove
d2A
dr 2

 4  (2) 500r 3 
1000
 4 
r3
when ,
1000
 4  3
 12  0  min
5
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 A rectangular area is formed using a piece of wire 36 cm EXAMPLE 4
long. Find the maximum area.

𝑦
𝑥
i) Find in terms of
P  2 x  2 y  36
36  2 x
y
2
 18  x

A  xy
 x18  x 
 18 x  x 2

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ii) Find when

A  18 x  x 2
dA
 18  2 x
dx
0  18  2 x
when
2 x  18
x9

ii) Find

A  18 x  x 2 when
 18(9)  (9) 2
 81

iii) Prove

d2A
2
 2  0  max
dx
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