Scribd
Upload
71 views

Gis Data and Sources

This document discusses GIS data sources and quality. It outlines that GIS data comes from existing digital or paper sources, as well as new data acquisition through remote sensing, field surveys, and other methods. Data quality depends on the original source and accuracy of data collection. Errors can arise from data acquisition, conversion, storage, and processing. Maintaining high precision and accuracy is important for spatial data.

Uploaded by

adefajarpamungkas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
71 views

Gis Data and Sources

This document discusses GIS data sources and quality. It outlines that GIS data comes from existing digital or paper sources, as well as new data acquisition through remote sensing, field surveys, and other methods. Data quality depends on the original source and accuracy of data collection. Errors can arise from data acquisition, conversion, storage, and processing. Maintaining high precision and accuracy is important for spatial data.

Uploaded by

adefajarpamungkas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

GIS DATA AND SOURCES

Building
Topography
Land use
Utility
Soil Type
Roads
District
Land Parcels

Nature of Geography Objects


NATURE OF SPATIAL DATA
(GEOGRAPHIC OBJECTS)
• spatial component
– relative position between objects
– coordinate system
• attribute component
– explains spatial objects characteristics
• spatial relationship
– relationship between objects
• time component
– temporal element
SPATIAL DATA

SPATIAL NON-SPATIAL

ADDRESS NAME

9, JALAN JAYA HAMID


JALAN JAYA
9 10, JALAN JAYA LUKE
10

MAP DATABASE
SPATIAL DATA CRITERIA:

• X-Y Coordinate System


• Shape
• Area/Size
• Perimeter
• Distance
• Neighborhood
ATTRIBUTES:

• Explains about spatial data


• Relevant non-spatial data
• Words or Numbers
• Qualitative methods
• Quantitative methods
Maps and
Plans
Digital data Paper files

Data

GIS

Data
Data

Photogrammetry Interviews

Data

Remote Sensing Field survey

GIS Data Sources


DATA SOURCES
• Existing data
– digital
– map and plan
– paper files
• low cost
• acquisition
– remote sensing
– photogrammetry
– field survey
• high cost
QUERY ON DATABASE AND GRAPHICS

DATABASE A B

DATABASE TO QUERY GRAPHIC DATABASE

DATABASE A B

GRAPHICS TO GRAPHICS QUERY DATABASE

DATABASE A B

GRAPHICS TO THEME QUERY DATABASE


AVAILABLE DIGITAL DATA

• original format sometimes need to be changed into


targeted format. (See example in hand-outs.)
• data maybe built for different purposes
– quality of data not known
SPATIAL COMPONENT FROM MAPS AND
PLANS

• need to be changed into digital format


– scanning
– digitizing
– keyboard entry
• coordinates
• field survey data

• the quality of data is known and controlled


…. SPATIAL COMPONENT FROM MAPS
AND PLANS

•quality of data depends heavily on maps and plans

•key-in coordinates or survey data produces high


quality data
Scanning Keyboard entry Digitizing

Producing Digital Data


DATA ACQUISITION

• spatial component can be obtained by


– remote sensing
– photogrammetry
– survey
• attribute component can be obtained by
– remote sensing/photogrametry
– interviews
– field visit
ATTRIBUTE COMPONENT

• retype from maps, plans or hardcopy files


• copied from existing digital data
Attribute #1
Attribute #2
Attribute #3
.
.
Attribute #n

Attribute Component
DATA ENTRY

• involves 75% of total implementation cost


• majority of data entry methods require a lot of time
• data sharing enables lower data costs i.e. existing
data
DATA QUALITY (I)

• misconception that data from GIS is of higher quality


– GIS uses the latest technology
• quality of GIS information depends on quality of data
– ‘garbage in garbage out’ (GIGO)
• conventional method, users decide for their own
– GIS?
Cost

Quality

Data Quality
SPATIAL ACCURACY

• Precision - indicates how closely several positions fall


in relation to each other

• Accuracy - is a measure of the closeness of one or


more positions to a position that is known and
defined in terms of an absolute reference system.
ERROR SOURCES (I)

• data acquisition
– device/instrument errors
– data entry errors
– image interpretation error

• data conversion
– instrument inaccuracies
– device/instrument operator
– manuscript used
ERROR SOURCES (II)

• data storage
– digital representation limits
– disk storage limits
• used by huge raster formats

• data processing
– rounding off error
• digital representation
– error propagation law
• information derived by mathematical operations
no more accurate than original information

You might also like