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MODULE 7 Lesson1 - General Biology I

Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP through a series of metabolic pathways. It involves glycolysis, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down to pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate then enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, where it is further oxidized, producing more ATP and carbon dioxide. Finally, during oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed through an electron transport chain, pumping hydrogen ions across a membrane and driving ATP synthase to produce large amounts of ATP.

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50 views

MODULE 7 Lesson1 - General Biology I

Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP through a series of metabolic pathways. It involves glycolysis, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down to pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate then enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, where it is further oxidized, producing more ATP and carbon dioxide. Finally, during oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed through an electron transport chain, pumping hydrogen ions across a membrane and driving ATP synthase to produce large amounts of ATP.

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Alvin Pabores
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cellular respiration

(aerobic)
Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks
down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular
respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the
citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative
phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is
gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and
water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly
in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more
ATP, however, is produced later in a process called
oxidative phosphorylation.
• Cells need ATP
• ATP produced by the
mitochondria
• ATP typically created
through Cellular
respiration.
• Glucose (from food) is
broken down to make ATP
• 3 Stages of Cellular
Respiration
• 1. Glycolysis
• 2. Krebs Cycle
• 3. Electron transport chain
Glycolysis is the first of the main metabolic path-
ways of cellular respiration to produce energy in the
form of ATP. Through two distinct phases, the six-
carbon ring of glucose is cleaved into two
threecarbon sugars of pyruvate through a series of
enzymatic reactions.
Location: Cytoplasm
Event: Glucose is broken down by ATP, NAD+, and
various enzymes
`
`
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate
molecules: Glycolysis, or the aerobic catabolic
breakdown of glucose, produces energy in the form
of ATP, NADH, and pyruvate, which itself enters the
citric acid cycle to produce more energy.
pyruvate
ae
ro

c
bi

bi
c

ro
ae
an
fermentation krebs cycle
Pyruvate oxidation or Pyruvate decarboxylation, also
known as the link reaction (or oxidative
decarboxylation of pyruvate), is the conversion of
pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by the enzyme complex
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
If we consider the two pyruvates that enter from
glycolysis (for each glucose molecule), we can
summarize pyruvate oxidation as follows:
Two molecules of pyruvate are converted into two
molecules of acetyl CoA.
Two carbons are released as carbon dioxide
2 NADH are generated from NAD+
Krebs cycle catalyzed by enzymes in which the
pyruvate derived from nutrients and converted to
Acetyl Coenzyme A is completely oxidized and broken
down into carbon dioxide and water to produce high-
energy phosphate compounds, which are the source
of cellular energy.
Location: mitochondrial matrix
In a single turn of the Krebs cycle,
two carbons enter from acetyl CoA, and two
molecules of carbon dioxide are released;
three molecules of NADH and one molecule of
FADH2 and;
one molecule of ATP or GTP is produced.
1. NADH and FADH2 deliver H+ AND e-
2. Electrons activate protein channels to
pump H+ ions out of the matrix.

e- e-
e-
e- e-
e-
3. H+ activate ATP synthase
H - H+ ions diffuse through ATP synthase
- ADP + Pi bond to create ATP]
H H
- Up to 34 ATPs created
H ATP
synt
hase

e- e- A P P P
e- e- e-
e-
4. Water waste created when O, H, e-
H bond together

H ATP
synt
hase

e- e- A P P P
e-
H
e- e-
A P P P e-
Theoretical yield is what you calculate the yield will
be using the balanced chemical reaction. Actual yield
is what you actually get in a chemical reaction.
`
• Glucose (from food) is
broken down to make ATP
• 3 Stages of Cellular
Respiration
• 1. Glycolysis
• 2. Krebs Cycle
• 3. Electron transport chain
C C

C C

C C
Glucose

ATP
Steps: C C C
Z
a. two ATP & enzymes C CC
C

C
ADP
C
CC
begin to break down C PC C
C
C
Glucose
C
glucose C
P
PGAL (C3H7O6P)
ADP P

ATP

ATP

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