Structure and Function of The Heart
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Varadharajan SStructure and Function of The Heart
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Varadharajan STHE HEART
Structure and Function of the Heart
HUMAN HEART
o The human heart is one of the most important organs
responsible for sustaining life, as it is a part of our
body’s circulatory system
o The human heart functions throughout a person’s
lifespan and is one of the most robust and hardest
working muscles in the human body.
o It’s made up of muscular organs of the atria, ventricles,
valves and various arteries and veins.
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On an average,
the heart is about
the size of that
person’s clenched
fist
In fact, the heart
does more physical Located under rib
work than any other cage and in
muscle over a between the lungs
lifetime.
Anatomy of
the HEART
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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE HEART
The average heart is the size of a fist in an adult
The heart can continue beating even when it’s
disconnected from the body.
Each day, your heart beats 115,000 times.
A woman’s heart beats slightly faster than a man’s heart.
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THE HUMAN HEART
• A two layered sac called "Pericardium” encloses the heart.
• It is made up of "Myocardium” i.e. cardiac muscles which is
seen to contract and relax rhythmically throughout life.
• The heart is located towards the left side of our thoracic cavity.
The heart has 4 prominent chambers.
a. The upper two chambers are called the Atria or Auricles
b. The lower two chambers are called the ventricles
FOUR CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
Right Atrium Left Atrium
Right Ventricle Left Ventricle
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SEPTUM
Muscle that divides the
heart
into right and left halves
CHAMBERS
OF
HEART
ATRIA VENTRICLES
The upper two chambers of the heart The lower two chambers of the heart
Receive and collect blood Pump blood out of the heart
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8
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VALVES OF HEART
Four (04) Heart Valves
1. Tricuspid Valve
2. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
3. Mitral (Biscuspid) Valve
4. Aortic (Semilunar) Valve
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Purpose: prevent backflow of blood, keep blood flowing in one direction
THE HEART
DOUBLE CIRCULATION
o The human circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
o It has two separate circuits as represented below
DOUBLE CIRCULATION
1. Pulmonary Circulation
[heart and lungs]
2. Systemic Circulation 12
[heart and other organs]
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FUNCTIONS OF HEART
o The main function of your heart is to keep blood that’s full of oxygen
circulating throughout your body.
a. Pumps oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the body through blood
vessels
b. Pumps deoxygenated blood, containing wastes, to the lungs, where gas
exchange to the outside environment occurs.
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EXAMPLES OF HEART DISEASES /
CONDITIONS
Congestive Heart Failure
The heart is too weak or stiff to pump blood effectively.
Myocardial Infarction (Heart attack!)
The coronary artery is blocked so blood cannot supply the heart with oxygen, and
heart muscle dies.
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal electrical impulses in the atrium cause irregular heart beat.
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COMMON WAYS TO PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Don’t smoke or use tobacco
Exercise 30 minutes a day
Eat a heart healthy diet
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Whole grains
• Nuts
• Fish
• No saturated or trans fats
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THANK YOU
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