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1 01 - Introduction To Embedded Systems

The document provides an introduction to embedded systems, including definitions, characteristics, and classifications. It defines an embedded system as a computer system with dedicated functions that has embedded software and hardware working together in a device. Embedded systems have constraints like limited memory and processor speed, and must operate within real-time requirements with multitasking software. The document classifies embedded systems as small, medium, or large scale depending on their complexity and components.

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Christy Polly
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© © All Rights Reserved
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200 views

1 01 - Introduction To Embedded Systems

The document provides an introduction to embedded systems, including definitions, characteristics, and classifications. It defines an embedded system as a computer system with dedicated functions that has embedded software and hardware working together in a device. Embedded systems have constraints like limited memory and processor speed, and must operate within real-time requirements with multitasking software. The document classifies embedded systems as small, medium, or large scale depending on their complexity and components.

Uploaded by

Christy Polly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Embedded Systems

Honey Mol P K
Topics for discussion
➔ System
➔ Embedded System
➔ Embedded System Vs General Computing Systems
➔ Embedded System Characteristics
➔ Embedded System Constraints
➔ Classification of Embedded System

Introduction to Embedded Systems


System
➔ A way of working, organizing or doing one or many
tasks.
➔ Tasks performed according to a fixed plan, program
or set of rules.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


System - alternative definition
➔ An arrangement in which all its units assemble and
work together according to a plan or program.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


SYSTEM EXAMPLES
WATCH
It is a time display SYSTEM
Parts: Hardware, Needles,
Battery, Dial, Chassis
and Strap

Rules
1. All needles move clockwise only
2. A thin needle rotates every second
3. A long needle rotates every minute
4. A short needle rotates every hour
5. All needles return to the original position after 12 hours
5
EMBEDDED
Definition:
computer
An
SYSTEM
Embedded
hardware with
System
software
is one that
embedded
has
in it as
one of its important components. Its software embeds
in ROM it does not need
secondary memories

SOFTWARE PROGRAM
#include <16f876a.h>
#use delay (clock=20000000)
#byte PORTB=6
HARDWAR main()
{
E set_tris_b(0);
delay_ms(1000)
portb=255; //
;decimal
portb=0x55; //hexadecimal
delay_ms(1000)
p; ortb=0b10101010; //binary
delay_ms(500); 6
}
Embedded System - Definition
➔ An embedded system is a system that has
embedded software in a computer hardware.
➔ The system is dedicated for either an application(s)
or specific part of an application or product or a
component of a large system.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded System - Definition by Wayne Wolf, author of Computers and
Components - Principles of Embedded Computing System Design

➔ What is an embedded system:

Loosely defined, it is “any device that includes a


programmable computer but is not itself intended
to be a general-purpose computer”

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded System - Definition by Todd D. Morton, author of Embedded
Microcontrollers

➔ “Embedded systems are electronics systems that


contain a microprocessor or microcontroller, but
we do not think of them as computers - the
computer is hidden or embedded in the system”

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded System - Definition by David E. Simon, author of An Embedded
Software Primer

➔ “People use the term embedded system to mean


any computer system hidden in any on these
products”

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded System - Definition (1) by Tim Wilmshurst, author to the design of
small scale embedded system with examples from PIC, 80C51 And 68HC05/08
Microcontrollers

➔ An embedded system is a system whose principal


function is not computational, but which is
controlled by a computer embedded within it.
➔ The computer is likely to be a microprocessor or a
microcontroller.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded System - Definition (1) by Tim Wilmshurst, author to the design of
small scale embedded system with examples from PIC, 80C51 And 68HC05/08
Microcontrollers

➔ The word embedded implies that it lies inside the


overall system, hidden from view, forming an
integral part of greater whole.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded System - Definition (2) by Tim Wilmshurst, author to the design of
small scale embedded system with examples from PIC, 80C51 And 68HC05/08
Microcontrollers

➔ An embedded system is a microcontroller-based,


software-driven, reliable, real-time control system,
autonomous, or human or network-interactive,
operating on diverse physical variables and in
diverse environments, and sold into a competitive
and cost-conscious market.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded System
Vs
General Computing Systems
Computer components
➔ Microprocessor.
➔ Special Purpose Processors.
➔ Large Memory.
➔ Input units, Output units, I/O units.
➔ Networking units.
➔ Operating System (OS).

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Computer Characteristics
➔ Program first loads in the RAM and then runs
general-purpose programs, programs of multiple
users and multiple tasks.
➔ Requires an Operating System.
➔ Runs complex algorithms fast.
➔ Provides a complex set of graphic or touch-screen
user interface (GUIs).
Introduction to Embedded Systems
Computer Constraints
➔ The system has little constraints of memory
➔ No time deadlines to finish the execution of the
task of a program.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded-Systems Components
➔ An embedded system has three main components
embedded in to it:
● Hardware similar to a computer.
● Software.
● Real Time Operating System.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded-Systems: Hardware
➔ The processor may be embedded processor cores.
➔ Hardware includes embedded memory, peripheral
and input-output devices.
➔ It embeds main application software.
➔ The application software may perform
concurrently multiple tasks (a set of tasks).

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded-Systems: Hardware units

Fig: The components of


embedded system hardware
[ PC: Embedded Systems: Architecture,
Programming and Design by Raj Kamal]

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded-Systems: Software
➔ Software usually embeds in the ROM or flash
memory.
➔ The system most often does not have a secondary
Hard Disk and CD memory as in a computer.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded-Systems: RTOS
➔ The RTOS supervises the application software and
controls the access to system resources.
➔ It enables finishing the execution of the task of a
program within specified time intervals.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded-Systems Characteristics
➔ Program is preloaded or embedded in the ROM or
flash memory.
➔ System functions in real time - tasks execute
according to priorities - system controls latencies.
➔ Dedicated set of functions.
➔ Complex dedicated-purpose algorithms.

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded-Systems Characteristics
➔ Domain specific.
➔ Multirate operations with different predetermined
time constraints, to finish the different operations.
➔ Reactive Systems
➔ Operation in Harsh Enviornment.
➔ Small size and Weight

Introduction to Embedded Systems


Embedded-Systems Constraints
An embedded system is designed to keep in view
three constraints.
➔ Available system memory.
➔ Available processor speed.
➔ Requirement for the system to run continuously
and therefore, the system needs to limit power
dissipation when running.
Introduction to Embedded Systems
CLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

1. Small Scale Embedded System

2. Medium Scale Embedded System

3. Sophisticated Embedded
System / Large Scale Embedded 1

System 3
SMALL SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEM

• Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller.

• Little hardware and software complexity.

• They May even be battery operated.

• Usually “C” is used for developing these system.

• The need to limit power dissipation when system is


running continuously.
Programming tools:
Editor and Assembler
MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEM

• Single or few 16 or 32 bit microcontrollers or


Digital Signal Processors (DSP).

• Both hardware and software complexity.

Programming tools:
RTOS, Source code Engineering
Tool, Simulator, Debugger and Integrated
Development Environment (IDE).
SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEM
• Enormous hardware and software complexity

• Which may need scalable processor or configurable


processor and programming logic arrays.

• Constrained by the processing speed available


in their hardware units.
Programming Tools:
For these systems may not be readily
available at a reasonable cost or may not be available at
all. A compiler or retargetable compiler might have to be
developed for this.
End of session

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