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Classification of Arches

Arches can be classified based on their material, shape, and number of centers used. For material, arches are classified as brick (rough, axed, gauged) or stone (rubble, ashlar) arches. Based on shape, common types are flat, segmental, semi-circular, relieving, and Dutch/French arches. By centers, arches are one, two, three, four or five centered depending on the number of points used to construct the arch curve.

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57 views22 pages

Classification of Arches

Arches can be classified based on their material, shape, and number of centers used. For material, arches are classified as brick (rough, axed, gauged) or stone (rubble, ashlar) arches. Based on shape, common types are flat, segmental, semi-circular, relieving, and Dutch/French arches. By centers, arches are one, two, three, four or five centered depending on the number of points used to construct the arch curve.

Uploaded by

Bijin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHES

1
CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHES

An arch may be classified according to


their:
1)Material of construction and workmanship
2)Shape of curve formed by their soffit or
intrados
3)Number of centers.

2
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MATERIAL
AND WORKMANSHIP

 BRICK ARCHES

*Rough brick arches


*Axed brick arches
*Gauged brick arches
 STONE ARCHES

*Rubble arches
*Ashlar arches
 GAUGED ARCHES

*Precast concrete block arches 3

*Monolithic concrete arches


ROUGH BRICK ARCHES
 These arches are built with
ordinary bricks, which are not in
wedge shape .
 Joined are made wedge shaped-
greater thickness at the extrados
and lesser thickness at intrados.
 Made up of rectangular brick
that are not cut into wedge
shape. Curvature are obtained by
mortar.
4
AXED BRICK ARCHES

 Bricks are cut to wedge-shape.


 Joints of arches are of uniform
thickness.
 Not dress finely so it does not
give much attractive
appearance.

5
GAUGED BRICK ARCHES
 Accurately prepared to wedge shape.
 Specially shaped bricks known as “RUBBER BRICKS” are
used .
 The lime putty is used for binding the blocks.

6
RUBBLE ARCHES
 Made of rubble stones, which are hammer dressed,
roughly to the shape and size of voussoirs of the arch
and fixed in cement mortar.
 These arches are used for small span upto 1 m.

7
ASHLAR ARCHES
 Stones are cut to proper shape
of voussoirs and are fully
dressed, properly joint with
cement or lime.
 The voussoirs made of full
thickness of the arch.

8
PRECAST CONCRETE BLOCK ARCHES

 Used for small


openings in building.
 The voussoirs, in the
form of cement
concrete blocks are
prepared in special
moulds .
 Generally , the
concrete blocks are
used without
reinforcement. 9
MONOLITHIC CONCRETE ARCHES

 Constructed from cast-in-


situ concrete ,either plain
or reinforced , depending
upon the span and
magnitude of loading.
 Quit suitable for larger
span (3.0 m).
 The curing is done 2 to 4
weeks.
10
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO SHAPE

 Flat arch
 Segmental arch
 Semi-circular arch
 Relieving arch
 Dutch or French arch

11
FLAT ARCH

 Acts like a lintel, when it


provided over the
opening .
 Intrados are apparently
flat.
 Joints radiated to center.
 Used only for light loads
only.
 Span up to 1.50 m.
12
SEGMENTAL ARCH
 Segmental in shape
and provided over
the openings .
 Joints radiate from a
center of arch,
which lies below the
springing line.
 Thrust transferred to
the abutment in an
inclined direction.
13
SEMI-CIRCULAR ARCH
 The shape of the curve given to the arch soffit is semi-
circular.
 The center of the arch lies on the springing line.
 The thrust transferred to abutment in perfectly
vertical direction.

14
RELIEVING ARCH

 When wooden lintel is


provided over the wider
opening, a brick relieving
arch is constructed above
the lintel.
 Relieving the load of
masonry over lintel.

15
DUTCH OR FRENCH ARCH

 Similar to the flat arch in design, but differs in


shape and method of construction.
 Suitable for small opening.

16
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON NUMBER OF
CENTRES

 One centred arch.


 Two centred arch.
 Three centred arch.
 Four centred arch.
 Five centred arch.

17
ONE CENTRED ARCH

 Segmental, semi circular, flat arches come under this


category.
 Sometime , a perfectly circular arch known as bull’s eye
arch ,provided for circular window.

18
TWO CENTRED ARCH

 Pointed, semi-elliptical arches come under this


category.

19
THREE CENTRED ARCH

 Elliptical arches
come under this
category.
O3
O2
 O1,O2 and O3 are
the center.

O1

20
FOUR CENTRED ARCH

 It has four center.

 Venetian arch is typical


example of this type.

21
FIVE CENTRED ARCH

 This type of arch ,having five


centre's ,gives good semi-elliptical
shape.

22

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