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33-6-Electronic - Magnetic and Optical Technologies-24!11!2021 (24-Nov-2021) Material I 24-11-2021 5.2 Optical Memo

Optical memory uses an addressable laser beam, a storage medium that responds to the beam for writing and reading, and a detector that reacts to changes in the medium. It has the advantages of being able to mass produce disks inexpensively and being removable. However, it has the disadvantages of being read-only and having a longer access time than magnetic disks. Optical disks like CD-ROMs store data as pits on a polycarbonate disk that are read by reflecting a laser off the disk and detecting intensity changes between pits and lands.

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65 views16 pages

33-6-Electronic - Magnetic and Optical Technologies-24!11!2021 (24-Nov-2021) Material I 24-11-2021 5.2 Optical Memo

Optical memory uses an addressable laser beam, a storage medium that responds to the beam for writing and reading, and a detector that reacts to changes in the medium. It has the advantages of being able to mass produce disks inexpensively and being removable. However, it has the disadvantages of being read-only and having a longer access time than magnetic disks. Optical disks like CD-ROMs store data as pits on a polycarbonate disk that are read by reflecting a laser off the disk and detecting intensity changes between pits and lands.

Uploaded by

Mudit Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Optical Memory

• A computer memory that uses optical


techniques which generally involve an
– addressable laser beam
– a storage medium which responds to the
beam for writing and sometimes for
erasing
– a detector which reacts to the altered
character of the medium when it uses the
beam to read out stored data.
ADVANTAGE:
The optical disk together with the information
stored on it can be mass replicated inexpensively;
-unlike a magnetic disk.
The optical disk is removable.
DISADVANTAGE:
It is read only and cannot be updated.
It has an access time much longer than that of a
magnetic disk drive.
Optical Storage CD-ROM
• Originally for audio
• 650Mbytes giving over 70 minutes audio
• Polycarbonate coated with highly reflective
coat, usually aluminium
• Data stored as pits
• Read by reflecting laser
• Constant packing density
• Constant linear velocity
CD Operation
Design of OPTICAL DISKS
1.Disk is formed from a RESIN ,such as “POLYCARBONATE”.

2.Digitally recorded information is imprinted as a series of


microscopic pits on the surface of the polycarbonate.

3.”LASER” light with high-intensity is used to read and write.

4.The pitted surface is then coated with a highly-reflective


surface ,usually made-up of “ALLUMINIUM” or “GOLD”.

5.The shiny surface is protected against dust and scratches


by a top coat of clear “ACRYLIC”.

6. The areas between pits are called “LANDS”.


Working of OPTICAL DISKS
1.A low-powered laser light is used to read and write.

2.The laser shines through the clear polycarbonate while


a motor spins disk past it.

3.The intensity of the reflected light changes as it encounters


a pit.

4.The intensity of reflected light become low if it will fall on


a pit because pit is somewhat rough, so it scatters some
light.

5.Land reflects light back at higher intensity.

6.The change between pits and lands is detected by SENSORS.


Difference between magnetic disk and compact disk

1.Magnetic disks is having concentric tracks.


Compact disks is having spiral tracks.

2.Constant Angular Velocity(CAV) is maintained in MD.


Constant Linear Velocity(CLV) is maintained in CD.

3.MD ’s are faster.


CD ’s are slower.

4.Direct Access Method is used to read/write the data in MD.


Sequential Access Method is used to read/write the data
in CD.
CD-ROM Format

• Mode 0=blank data field


• Mode 1=2048 byte data+error correction
• Mode 2=2336 byte data
CD-ROM for & against
• Large capacity
• Easy to mass produce
• Removable
• Robust

• Expensive for small runs


• Slow
• Read only
Other Optical Storage
• CD-Recordable (CD-R)
– WORM
– Now affordable
– Compatible with CD-ROM drives
• CD-RW
– Erasable
– Getting cheaper
– Mostly CD-ROM drive compatible
– Phase change
• Material has two different reflectivities in different phase states
DVD
• Digital Video Disk
– Used to indicate a player for movies
• Only plays video disks
• Digital Versatile Disk
– Used to indicate a computer drive
• Will read computer disks and play video disks
DVD - technology
• Multi-layer
• Very high capacity (4.7G per layer)
• Full length movie on single disk
– Using MPEG compression
• Finally standardized
DVD – Writable
• Loads of trouble with standards
• First generation DVD drives may not read
first generation DVD-W disks
• First generation DVD drives may not read
CD-RW disks
CD and DVD
References
• William Stallings, “Computer Organization
and Architecture”, 6th edition, PHI

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