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Multiple Linear Regression Homework Help

Question
Evaluate if there is a relationship (predict) between the personal
characteristics and the screening tools with weight loss. Prepare a
short description of what was done and what you found.
IV=independent variable, DV= dependent variable
 
Conduct a multiple linear regression to predict satisfaction using all
of the personal characteristics and perceptions variables (if
appropriate).
Follow the guide in Module 9 of how to conduct this analysis and
include in your description what you did such as the following:
a) Define the hypothesis
b) Describe each variable using appropriate descriptive
statistics; no need to recode anything but make sure
dummy coding is correct; create a ‘table1-remember
analysis exercise 1’for this step
c) Run bivariate associations (why? need IV by each IV to
check for _________)
d) Run the full model (DV and multiple IVs ) –show evidence
that you checked assumptions, etc (for this exercise it is ok
to enter the selected IVs all at once in one ‘block’)
e) Summarize the above (a-d) and the results in your OWN
words
f) Include IS raw output view or the Excel output.
Solution

a) Hypothesis
Null hypothesis: there is no relationship between the dependent
variable (Islost) and the independent variable (sex, age, diet,
exercise, confid, sedentary)
Alternative hypothesis: there is at least a relationship between the
dependent (Islost) and the independent variable (sex, age, diet,
exercise, confid, sedentary)
 

b) Descriptive statistics

n mean Median Standard deviation

Age 51 26.94 23 8.09

Exercise 51 39.59 39 5.49

Confid 51 17.78 17 3.37

Sedentary 51 114.39 114 4.40

Ibslost 51 24.43 24 5.07

Sex 51 Female (57%) Male (43%)

diet 51 Yes (63%) No (37%)

The table above shows the descriptive statistics of the weight
dataset. 57% of the total participants are female while 43% of the
participant are male. 63% of the participant have diet adherence
while 37% do not have diet adherence. The average age of
participants was 26.96 years (SD = 8.09). The mean and standard
deviation of minutes exercising per day is (39.59, 5.49), confidence
in success (M = 17.78, SD = 3.37) respectively, minutes in active per
day (M = 114.39, 4.40), pounds lost since start of the program
(24.43, 5.07).
c. The bivariate association graph above shows the bivariate
relationship between the dependent variable and the
independent variables. The dependent variable is weight loss
while the independents variables are age, exercise, sedentary, and
confid.
 
d. The following are the assumption of multiple linear regression
which is illustrate from the graphs below;
•There exists a linear relationship between the dependent and
independent variables
•The independent variables are not highly correlated with each
other
•The variance of the residuals is constant
•Independence of observation
•Multivariate normality i.e. it follows a normal distribution

Normal Probability Plot

40
35
30
25
lbslost

20
15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Sample Percentile
 age Line Fit Plot
40
35
30
25
lbslost

20
15 lbslost
10 Predicted
lbslost
5
0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
age

confid Line Fit Plot

40
35
30
25 lbslost
lbslost

20 Predicted
15 lbslost
10
5
0
10 15 20 25 30
confid
 exercise Line Fit Plot
40
35
30
25 lbslost
lbslost

20 Predicted
15 lbslost
10
5
0
25 30 35 40 45 50 55
exercise

sedentary Line Fit Plot

40
35
30
25
lbslost
lbslost

20
15 Predicted lbslost
10
5
0
105 110 115 120 125
sedentary
 Line chart of Weighloss data
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49

sex age diet exercise

confid sedentary lbslost

e. Multiple regression (OLS) was used to estimate the ability

sex, age, diet, exercise, confidence in success, minutes inactive
per day, in predicting weight loss. Forty-fivepercent of the
variance surrounding weight loss was explained by sex, age,
diet, exercise, confidence in success, minutes inactive per day
weight (R2 = 0.4567). Overall, the model was statistically
significant weight loss (F = 6.1667, p = 0.000). Sex, Age, Exercise,
Confidence in success, and Minutes inactive per day was not
statistically significant in the model (p > 0.05); whereas diet was
statistically significant (t = 2.096, p = 0.04). For every one cm
increase in head circumference, motor coordination scores
increased by 0.65 points (beta = 0.65). Males were also found
to score higher than females. Males scores were .35 points
higher (beta=.35, p=.04).
f.
Part B. Multiple logistic regression
Question
Task: Now we would like to see if we can find a relationship
(predict) between weight loss and some of the personal
characteristics and the chance of recommending the clinic to
others.Prepare a short description including the following
information:
 
1. Is running a multiple logistic regression appropriate for this
task? Explain why it is or is not appropriate.
2. Define the hypotheses
3. How many and what percent of patients indicated they would
recommend the clinic?
4. You do not need to run logistic regression in EXEL or IS. Use the
output below to write a summary of the relationship.

DV: recommend clinic to others (1=yes vs 0=no)

B S.E Sig OR 95% C I for OR

Lower Upper

Lbslost 248 .095 .009 1.282 1.064 1.544

Sex (female vs male) 1.393 .694 .045 4.028 1.034 15.683

Age .011 .044 .801 1.011 .028 1.102
 Diet .113 .757 .882 1.119 .254 4.935

Const - 2.780 .009 .001

ant 7.228

Solution

1. Is running a multiple logistic regression appropriate for this

task? Explain why it is or is not appropriate.
Answer: Yes, this is because the outcome or target variable is
binary (yes or no) and since the number of observations is
greater than the number of features in the datasets, there is no
room for overfitting in the model.
2. Define the hypotheses
Ans: : There is a relationship between weight loss and some of
the personal characteristics and the chance of recommending
the clinic to others.
i.e.
H1: There is a relationship between weight loss and some of
the personal characteristics and the chance of recommending
the clinic to others.
i.e.
3. How many and what percent of patients indicated they
would recommend the clinic?
Ans: 25 (Twenty-five) patients and 49 % of patients indicated that
they would recommend the clinic.
 
4. Logistic multiple regression was used to estimate the ability of
Age, Sex, Lbslost and Diet in predicting if the patients will
recommend the clinic (yes) or not (No). Age and Diet were not
statistically significant in the model (p > 0.05). A significant
association was found between variables: Lbslost, Sex and
Patients recommending the Clinic and there’s no significant
relationship between Age, Diet and Patients recommending
the Clinic. An increase in sex of the patients will increase the
odds of recommending the clinics by four fold (Odds ratio=
4.03, 95% confidence interval= 1.034, 15.68, p<.001), an
increase in Lbslost of the patients will increase the odds of
recommending the Clinic by almost two fold (Odds ratio= 1.28,
95% confidence interval= 1.064, 1.544, p<.001) and an
increase in Age (Odds ratio= 1.011, 95% confidence interval=
0.928, 1.102, p<.001) and Diet (Odds ratio= 1.119, 95%
confidence interval= 0.254, 4.935, p<.001) of the patients will
increase the odds of recommending the Clinic by one fold
respectively.

Part C. Sensitivity & Specificity

Question
Recall that our survey used a self-report measure of diet
adherence. We want to assess if
the results are valid and accurate by comparing the self-report
with a gold standard (stool sample detecting microbiome and
should see only small amounts of fats and sugars, etc). We
identify 15 true positives out of the 32 clients who self-identified
as being diet adherent and 18 true negatives.

1. Fill in the following table

Gold Gold Total

standard standard
positive negative

Self-report
+adherence
Self-
reportnonadhere
nce

Total

2. Calculate the sensitivity of the self-report measure.

3. Calculate the specificity of the self- report measure.
4. What does this mean—was our self-report of diet adherence
a good measure? What does having a good or poor measure
mean when exploring relationships, how do you think about
it when applying these kinds of evidence based findings?
Solution
1. Fill in the following table

Gold Gold Tota

standard standard l
positive negative
Self-report 15 17 32
+adherence
Self- 14 18 32
reportnonadh
erence

Total 29 35 64

2. Calculate the sensitivity of the self-report measure.

Sensitivity = 15/32 = 0.46875
3. Calculate the specificity of the self- report measure.
Specificity = 18/32 = 0.5625
4. What does this mean—was our self-report of diet adherence a
good measure? What does having a good or poor measure mean
when exploring relationships, how do you think about it when
applying these kinds of evidence based findings?
Since both sensitivity and specificity have average values, it does not
indicate a good measure.
Part D. Run Chart
1. Did the proportion of women administered RhoGam
vaccination change—what was the mean before and after the
program change?
From the data provided, I notice that the proportion of women
administered RhoGam vaccination change, the mean before
program change is 51.89 while the mean after program change is
51.33
2. Did all the changes that were made lead to improvements?
The changes that were lead does not lead to much improvement
based on the data analyzed using the run chart.
3. What data would you want to start collecting to determine
other steps for quality improvement in these patients?
In other to determine other steps for quality improvement in the
patients, I will suggest that data can be collected on the average
glucose intake, percentage of time in hypoglycemic ranges, and
percentage of time in hyperglycemic range.
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