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Moving Iron Instr

Moving iron instruments operate using either attraction or repulsion of a soft iron core piece. Attraction type instruments attract the core towards the coil under the magnetic field generated by the coil current, while repulsion type instruments repel two iron core pieces magnetized in the same direction. Dynamometer type instruments improve on this design using a fixed coil to generate a magnetic field and a moving coil to produce torque proportional to the supply current. They have the advantage of working for both AC and DC circuits.

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46 views15 pages

Moving Iron Instr

Moving iron instruments operate using either attraction or repulsion of a soft iron core piece. Attraction type instruments attract the core towards the coil under the magnetic field generated by the coil current, while repulsion type instruments repel two iron core pieces magnetized in the same direction. Dynamometer type instruments improve on this design using a fixed coil to generate a magnetic field and a moving coil to produce torque proportional to the supply current. They have the advantage of working for both AC and DC circuits.

Uploaded by

Meesix
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOVING IRON INSTRUMENTS

MOVING-IRON INSTRUMENT
Moving iron instruments are of two types:
(a). Attraction type Moving iron instrument
(b). Repulsion type Moving iron instrument
Attraction type Moving iron instrument

(a)An attraction type of moving-iron instrument is shown diagrammatically in Figure 1.


below.

Figure 1. Attraction type moving iron instrument


Attraction type Moving iron instrument

Principle of Attraction Type Moving iron instrument:


These instruments are based on the principle that when an un-magnetized soft
iron piece is placed in the magnetic field of a coil, then the piece is attracted
towards the coil.
The moving system of the instrument is attached to the soft iron piece and the
operating current is passed through a coil placed near it.
The operating current sets up magnetic field which attracts the iron piece and
thus moves the pointer over the scale.
Attraction type Moving iron instrument

Working of Attraction Type Moving iron instrument:


When the instrument is connected in the circuit, the operating current flows through
the coil. The current sets up magnetic field in the coil. In other words, the coil behaves
like a magnet and, therefore, it attracts the soft iron piece towards it.
The result is that the pointer attached to the moving system moves from zero position.
If current in the coil is reversed, the direction of magnetic field also reverses and so
does the magnetism produced in soft iron piece. Therefore, the direction of deflecting
torque remains unchanged. It follows, therefore, that such instruments can be used for
both D.C as well as A.C work.
(b) REPULSION TYPE MOVING IRON INSTRUMENTS:
Principle of Repulsion type moving iron instruments:
These instruments are based on the principle of repulsion between the two iron
pieces similarly magnetized.
Construction of Repulsion type moving iron instruments:
The fixed iron piece is attached to the coil whereas the movable iron piece is attached to the
pointer shaft.
Under the action of deflecting torque, the pointer attached to the moving system moves over
the scale.
The controlling torque is produced by spring control method and damping torque by air
friction damping.
Figure below show repulsion type moving iron instrument

Figure 2. Repulsion type Moving Iron Instrument


Working of Repulsion type moving iron instruments:
When the instrument is connected in the circuit, current flows through the coil.
This current sets up magnetic field in the coil.
The magnetic field magnetizes both iron pieces in the same direction i.e. both
pieces become similar magnets and hence they repel each other. Due to this
force of repulsion only movable iron piece moves as the other piece is fixed and
cannot move.
The result is that the pointer attached to the moving system moves from zero
position.
Advantages of moving iron instruments:
1. These are cheap, robust and simple in construction.
2. The instruments can be used for both A.C as well as D.C circuits.
3. These instruments have high operating torque.
4. These instruments are reasonable accurate.
Disadvantages of moving iron instruments:
1. Such instruments have non-uniform scale.
2. These instruments are not very sensitive.
3. Errors are introduced due to changes in frequency in case of a.c measurements.
4. Higher power consumption.
Dynamometer type instruments:
• Electro-dynamometer type instruments are very similar to PMMC type instrument in which the
operating field is produced, not by a permanent magnet but by another fixed coil.

• This coil is divided into two sections to give a more uniform field near the centre and to allow
passage of the instrument shaft. The PMMC instrument cannot be used on A.C currents or
voltages.

• If A.C supply is given to these instruments, reversing torque will be developed. So if we reverse
the flux direction of the magnet each time the current through the movable coil reverses, a
unidirectional torque would be produced for both positive and negative halves of the cycle.

• Due to that reason the pointer will not follow the rapidly changing alternating torque and will
fail to show any reading.
Construction of Dynamometer type instruments:
A dynamometer type instrument as shown in Fig.below essentially consists of a
fixed coil and a moving coil. The fixed coil is split into two equal parts which
are placed close together and parallel to each other. The moving coil is pivoted
in between the two fixed coils
Construction of Dynamometer type instruments: cont.…
The controlling torque is provided by two springs which also serve the
additional purpose of leading the current into and out of the moving coil.
Air friction damping is provided in such instruments.
Working of Dynamometer type instruments:
When instrument is connected in the circuit, operating currents flow through the
coils. Due to this, mechanical force exists between the coils.
The result is that the moving coil moves the pointer over the scale. The pointer
comes to rest at a position where deflecting torque is equal to the controlling torque.
By reversing the current, the field due to fixed coils is reversed as well as the
current in the moving coil, so that the direction of deflecting torque remains
unchanged. Therefore, such instruments can be used for both d.c. and a.c
measurements.
Advantages of Electrodynamometer-type Instruments
1. They can be used on ac as well as dc measurements.
2. These instruments are free from eddy current and hysteresis error.
3. Electrodynamometer-type instruments are very useful for accurate
measurement of r.m.s values of voltages irrespective of waveforms.
4. Because of precision grade accuracy and same calibration for ac and dc
measurements these instruments are useful as transfer type and calibration
instruments
Disadvantages of Electrodynamometer-type Instruments
1. As the instrument has square law response, the scale is non-uniform.
2. These instruments have small torque/weight ratio, so the frictional error is
considerable.
3. More costly than PMMC and MI type of instruments.
4. Adequate screening of the movements against stray magnetic fields is essential.
5. Power consumption is comparably high because of their construction.

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