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Castor Floral Biology

This document provides information about castor (Ricinus communis L.). It belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is an annual or perennial oilseed crop originally from East Africa. It is a cross-pollinated crop grown in both rainfed and irrigated conditions during the kharif season. Its inflorescence is a raceme containing unisexual flowers, with male flowers at the base and female flowers at the top. The fruit is a spherical, dry, dehiscent capsule containing three cocci with one seed each. Pollination is primarily cross-pollination due to protogyny, but some self-pollination can occur. Isolation distances

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Vishal Kuntal
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705 views16 pages

Castor Floral Biology

This document provides information about castor (Ricinus communis L.). It belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is an annual or perennial oilseed crop originally from East Africa. It is a cross-pollinated crop grown in both rainfed and irrigated conditions during the kharif season. Its inflorescence is a raceme containing unisexual flowers, with male flowers at the base and female flowers at the top. The fruit is a spherical, dry, dehiscent capsule containing three cocci with one seed each. Pollination is primarily cross-pollination due to protogyny, but some self-pollination can occur. Isolation distances

Uploaded by

Vishal Kuntal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VISHAL

Reg. No.: 471488772


Dept.: Seed Science & Technology
[email protected]
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Scientific classification

• Kingdom : Plantae
• Family: Euphorbiaceae
• Genus : Ricinus L.
• Species : R. communis

Common name
Castor ¼vj.M½
Binomial name
Ricinus communis L. ¼vj.M½
Chromosomal No.
2n = 20
Important Points

• Castor is a cross - pollinated crop


• Annual or perennial oilseed crop
• Origin: East Africa
• Sown in Kharif season
• Thrive well in Rainfed as well as irrigated conditions
Inflorescence
Capsule
• Inflorescence is Raceme

• Inflorescences are borne on the


main, lateral and tertiary branches

• Incomplete flower

• Inflorescence on the main stem is


known as primary candle or spike
• Spike consists of unisexual flowers,
male flowers known as staminates
which are grouped at the base

• Female flower known as pistillars /


pistillate and are located on the upper
part of the inflorescence

• There are no sepals or petals

• Perianth is present

• i.e. the plant is monoecious


• Bright red structure with
feathery branches (stigma lobes)
that receives pollen from male
flowers
• Stigma is divided into 3
branches towards its upper
portion.
• Each one is further divided into
2-pink fleshy lobes with
papillate surface.
• Ovary is covered usually with fleshy, green spiky
outgrowth. (which develops into the fruit or seed capsule)
Anthesis and Mode of Pollination

• Castor is a cross pollinating plant but unlike other cross


pollinating plant, it is inclined towards some amount of self-
pollination.

• The female flowers open before the male flowers and hence
there is a large degree of cross-pollination. (Protogyny)
Fruit
• Type of Fruit is Simple, Dry and Dehiscent
• The fruits are spherical capsules which become hard and
brittle.
• The seed capsule has thick walls, is spiny and contains 3
coci. Each cocus contains one seed.
• Period of opening of male flower is longer than that of
female flower.
• The flowering period of one flower lasts for one to two
days.
• The flight of pollen is observed from 7-8 a.m. to 6-7 p.m. in
the evening, but the most intensive flight occurs from 9 a.m.
to 1-2 p.m.
• Anthers open quickly at this time forming a pollen cloud.
• The pollen of castor retains its viability for a long time.

• The viability of fresh collected pollen is around 80 %;


within two days of storage under room condition

• it is lowered to 75 %; within five days

• after 20 days it becomes 25%.


Artificial pollination:

• Emasculation is not required because the species is


monoecious.
• Before application of pollen, the raceme on which the
female flower is located should be carefully checked and
any interspersed staminate on hermaphroditic flowers
removed.
• When stigma are well exposed, the pistillate flowers can
easily be pollinated by dusting pollen on the stigmatic
branches.
• The raceme is covered with a bag immediately after pollen
is applied.
Isolation Distance

Varietal
• at least 600 m from foundation seed
class and 300 meters for certified seed class.
Hybrid
• at least 1000 m from foundation seed
class and 300 meters for certified seed class.
SYMBOL OF TRUST

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