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Lecture1 Innv

This document provides definitions and background information on innovation and technology. It discusses the differences between invention, innovation, and diffusion. It also defines types of innovation such as product vs process, radical vs incremental, competence-enhancing vs competence-destroying, and architectural vs component. Finally, it discusses the nature of innovation and competition in terms of product and process innovation.

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Tala Tala1999
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33 views

Lecture1 Innv

This document provides definitions and background information on innovation and technology. It discusses the differences between invention, innovation, and diffusion. It also defines types of innovation such as product vs process, radical vs incremental, competence-enhancing vs competence-destroying, and architectural vs component. Finally, it discusses the nature of innovation and competition in terms of product and process innovation.

Uploaded by

Tala Tala1999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ITIS407

IS Innovation and New


Technologies

Fall 2021
Instructor
• Dr. Mohammed Ali Eltaher

• Ph.D., in Computer Science &


Engineering
 Social Media Data Mining
• M.S., in Intelligent System
• B.S., in Computer Science

• Email: [email protected]
InformationCourse
• Textbook:
The Management of
Technology and
Innovation: A Strategic
Approach, 2nd edition,

White and Bruton

• PowerPoint slides
Work and Grading

Homework assignments •
Two midterms, one final •
Participation can help on margins •
Academic honesty policy •
General Background - Definitions

• Science – understanding the natural world – out


of “natural philosophy”– observes natural world
– discovery oriented .
• Technology – System to organize scientific and
technical knowledge to achieve a practical
purpose – “systems” include technical advance
plus models to implement that advance – moves
from observation to implementation
General Background - Definitions

• Research – increasing scientific OR technical


knowledge or both.
• Invention – applying research knowledge
to create a practical idea/device.
• Innovation – built on scientific discovery and
breakthrough invention(s) – is the system of
Research, Invention, & Development using both
science and technology to commercialize
General Background - Definitions

• Innovation System – the ecosystem for


developing innovation – operates at 2 levels: the
institutional actors, and the face-to-face groups.
• Innovation Wave – 40/50 year cycle of
innovation based on radical, breakthrough,
disruptive invention, then applications piled on
this, productivity rises, then long period of
incremental invention.
Definition of Technology

• The processes used to change inputs into


outputs.

• The application of knowledge to perform


work.

• The theoretical and practical knowledge, and


skills that can be used to develop products as
well as their production and delivery system.
Definition of Technology
• The technical means people use to
improve their surroundings

• The application of science, especially to


industrial or commercial objectives; the entire
body of methods and materials used to achieve
such objectives
Definition of Innovation

• Innovation – the
• use of new technological or
market knowledge to offer a new
product or service that customers
want
• Innovation = invention +
commercialization
• Innovation - the adoption of ideas that
are new to the adopting organization
Invention, Innovation, Diffusion

• Invention: creation of an idea to do or make


something (profitability not yet verified)
• Innovation: new product/ process
commercially valuable i.e. successfully
developed inventions.
• Diffusion: the spread of a new
invention/innovation throughout society or at
least throughout the relevant part of
society.
 Without this cannot gain full benefits
A typology of innovations
Types of Innovation
• Product versus Process Innovation
 Product innovations are embodied in the outputs of an
organization – its goods or services.
 Process innovations are innovations in the way an
organization conducts its business, such as in
techniques of producing or marketing goods or
services.
 Product innovations can enable process
innovations
and vice versa.
 What is a product innovation for one organization might
be a process innovation for another
• E.g., UPS creates a new distribution service (product
innovation) that enables its customers to distribute their
goods more widely or more easily (process innovation)
Types of Innovation
• Radical versus Incremental Innovation
 The radicalness of an innovation is the degree
to which it is new and different from
previously existing products and processes.
 Incremental innovations may involve only a
minor change from (or adjustment to) existing
practices.
 The radicalness of an innovation is relative; it
may change over time or with respect to
different observers.
• E.g., digital photography a more radical innovation
for Kodak than for Sony.
Types of Innovation
• Competence-Enhancing versus Competence-
Destroying Innovation
 Competence-enhancing innovations build on the
firm’s existing knowledge base
• E.g., Intel’s Pentium 4 built on the technology for Pentium III.
 Competence-destroying innovations renders a firm’s
existing competencies out-of-date.
• E.g., electronic calculators rendered Keuffel & Esser’s
slide rule expertise obsolete.
 Whether an innovation is competence enhancing or
competence destroying depends on the perspective of
a particular firm.
Types of Innovation
• Architectural versus Component Innovation
 A component innovation (or modular innovation)
entails changes to one or more components of a
product system without significantly affecting the
overall design.
• E.g., adding gel-filled material to a bicycle seat
 An architectural innovation entails changing the
overall design of the system or the way components
interact.
• E.g., transition from high-wheel bicycle to safety bicycle.
 Most architectural innovations require changes in the
core components also.
The Nature of Innovation and
Competition
• Product innovation: when technological
innovation involves the creation of new goods
and services sold to customers
• Process innovation: when technological
innovation involves problem solving that
improves the method of creating or delivering a
product or service
• Fluid phase dominated by product innovation
• Specific phase dominated by process
innovation

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