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Sec 5.5 and 5.6 Polynomials

The document discusses polynomials and their properties. It defines monomials as terms with only positive or zero exponents and provides examples. It defines polynomials as the sum or difference of monomials. It discusses classifying polynomials by degree, which is determined by the highest exponent of any term. The document also covers adding, subtracting, multiplying, and factoring polynomials.

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42 views

Sec 5.5 and 5.6 Polynomials

The document discusses polynomials and their properties. It defines monomials as terms with only positive or zero exponents and provides examples. It defines polynomials as the sum or difference of monomials. It discusses classifying polynomials by degree, which is determined by the highest exponent of any term. The document also covers adding, subtracting, multiplying, and factoring polynomials.

Uploaded by

z33k07
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sec 5.5 and 5.

6
Polynomials
Monomial – is a number, variable, or product. Either with only
exponents of 0 or positive integers.
•y,
•-x,
•ab, Examples
•1/3x,

•x,2

•8,
•xy2,
•(abc2)3
Special Note
Monomial - No monomial
has a variable as an exponent,
nor does it have a variable in the
denominator of a fraction.

• 3/y, 3 x
• Polynomial - is the sum or difference of
monomials.
• Any Monomial is also a polynomial
• a-b,
• 7-x, Examples
• -2x2 +xy-3,
• 1/8x - xy2,
• r + 9,
• 6
State whether each expression is
a polynomial. If it is, identify it.
1) 7y - 3x + 4
trinomial
2) 10x3yz2
monomial
5
3) 2
 7y
2y
not a polynomial
Clssifying Polynomial
• Polynomials are Classified by
degree.
• The Degree is determined by the
exponents of the terms.
The degree of a Monomial
• Is the sum of Monomial Degree

the exponents x 3
3
of the variables x y
3 2
5
of the 3x y 5
3 2
monomial.
3x y 5
2 3 2
The degree of a Monomial
• Is the sum of Monomial Degree

the exponents 9 0
of the variables x 1
of the
xy 2
monomial.
The degree of a Polynomial
• Is the highest degree of
any of its terms after the
poly has been simplified.
Polynomial Degree

3x + 5x + 7
2
2
The degree of a Polynomial
Polynomial Degree

3x + 5x + 7
2 2
3x -9xyz +y+z
2
3
x+y+7 1
2x +7x -3y-2x
2 2
1
The degree of a monomial is the sum
of the exponents of the variables.
Find the degree of each monomial.
1) 5x2
2
2) 4a4b3c
8
3) -3
0
To find the degree of a polynomial,
find the largest degree of the terms.
1) 8x2 - 2x + 7
Degrees: 2 1 0
Which is biggest? 2 is the degree!
2) y7 + 6y4 + 3x4m4
Degrees: 7 4 8
8 is the degree!
Put in descending order:

1) 8x - 3x2 + x4 - 4
x4 - 3x2 + 8x - 4
2) Put in descending order in terms of x:
12x2y3 - 6x3y2 + 3y - 2x
-6x3y2 + 12x2y3 - 2x + 3y
3) Put in ascending order in terms of y:
12x2y3 - 6x3y2 + 3y - 2x
-2x + 3y - 6x3y2 + 12x2y3

4) Put in ascending order:


5a3 - 3 + 2a - a2
-3 + 2a - a2 + 5a3
Adding Polynomials
Adding Polynomials
• Add 5x + 7 and 8 - 2x
Subtracting Polynomials
• subtract 3a + b from 7a + 5b
Subtracting Polynomials
• Subtract 3a + b from 7a + 5b
Adding Polynomials
• Add c2 + 5c + 4 and 3c - 7
c + 5c + 4
2
3c - 7
c + 5c + 3c + 4 - 7
2

c + 8c - 3
2
Adding Polynomials
• Add c2 + 5c + 4 and 3c - 7
c + 5c + 4
2

3c - 7
c + 8c - 3
2
Multiply two binomials using FOIL method

To multiply two binomials, find the sum of the products of


F the first terms
O the Outer terms
I the Inner terms
L the Last terms
F L

(x + 3)(x + 2)

I
O
Multiply two binomials using FOIL method

F L
F O I L
(x + 3)(x + 2) = (x)(x) + (x)(2) + (3)(x) + (3)(2)
= X2 + 2X + 3X + 6
I = X2 + 5X + 6
O
We need to remember to distribute each
term in the first set of parentheses through
the second set of parentheses.
Example:

(X+3)(x+1)= x  x  3x  3
2

x  4x  3
2
Let’s work a few of these.
1.) (x+2) (x+8)

2.) (x+5) (x-7)

3.) (2x+4) (2x-3)


Check your answers.
1.) (x+2) (x+8) = X2+10x+16

2.) (x+5) (x-7) = X2-2x-35

3.) (2x+4) (2x-3) = 4x2+2x-12


By learning to use the distributive property, you
will be able to multiply any type of polynomials.

Example: (x+1)(x2+2x+3)

(x+1)(x2+2x+3) = X3+2x2+3x+x2+2x+3

 x 3  3x 2  5x  3
Factoring the Difference of Two
Squares

(a + b)(a – b) = a 2
– ab + ab – b 2
= a 2
– b 2

FORMULA: a –b
2 2
= (a + b)(a – b)
The difference of two bases being squared,
factors as the product of the sum and difference
of the bases that are being squared.
Factoring the difference of two squares
(a + b)(a – b)= a2 – b2

(x – 2y)(x + 2y)=
(4r – 5)(4r + 5)=
2 2 2 2
(x) (2y)= (4r) (5) =

x2 – 4y2 16r2 – 25

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