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Increasing and Decreasing Functions: Relative Extrema First Derivative Test

1. The function f(x) = x^3 + 3x^2 - 9x + 4 has two critical points: a relative minimum at x = -3 and a relative maximum at x = 4. 2. To determine if a critical point is a relative extremum, evaluate the first derivative test which involves checking the sign of the first derivative to the left and right of each critical point. 3. A critical point is a relative minimum if the first derivative changes from negative to positive, and a relative maximum if it changes from positive to negative.

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27 views

Increasing and Decreasing Functions: Relative Extrema First Derivative Test

1. The function f(x) = x^3 + 3x^2 - 9x + 4 has two critical points: a relative minimum at x = -3 and a relative maximum at x = 4. 2. To determine if a critical point is a relative extremum, evaluate the first derivative test which involves checking the sign of the first derivative to the left and right of each critical point. 3. A critical point is a relative minimum if the first derivative changes from negative to positive, and a relative maximum if it changes from positive to negative.

Uploaded by

izumi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Increasing and

Decreasing
Functions
RELATIVE EXTREMA
FIRST DERIVATIVE TEST
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Intuitively, the function is increasing when the graph of is
rising and decreasing when the graph is falling.
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing and
Decreasing Functions
1. Find the intervals of increase and decrease for the function
.
Since the graph is continuous, there is no point of discontinuity.
Identify the critical numbers where .
Critical Numbers.
2
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =3 𝑥 +6 𝑥 − 9
3 𝑥2 +6 𝑥 − 9=0 Divide by 3

𝑥2 +2 𝑥 −3=0
(x + 3)(x – 1) = 0
x+3=0 x–1=0
x=–3 x=1 Critical Numbers
Test Points.
@ x = – 4; f ’(x) = 3(– 4)2 + 6(– 4) – 9 = + 15
@ x = 0; f ’(x) = 3(0) + 6(0) – 9 = ꟷ
@ x = 2; f ’(x) = 3(2)2 + 6(2) – 99= + 15
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Critical Numbers.

Critical Points.
@ x = – 3; f(x) = (– 3)3 + 3(– 3)2 – 9(– 3) + 4 = 31 (– 3, 31)
@ x = 1; f(x) = (1)3 + 3(1)2 – 9(1) + 4 = – 1 (1, – 1)
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Find the intervals of increase and decrease for the


function
1. .
Relative Extrema

“peak”

“valley”
Relative Extrema
Identify the x-values of all points where the graph has
relative extrema.

Around  x1 , f ( x)  f ( x1 ) so there is a
relative minimum of f ( x1 ) at x  x1.

Around  x2 , f ( x)  f ( x2 ) so there is a
relative maximum of f ( x2 ) at x  x2 .

Around  x3 , f ( x)  f ( x3 ) so there is a
relative minimum of f ( x3 ) at x  x3 .
Relative Extrema
Critical Numbers and Critical Points
A number in the domain of is called a critical number if
either or does not exist.
The corresponding point on the graph of is called a
critical point for .
Relative extrema can only occur at critical points. But not
all critical points correspond to relative extrema.
If the function has a relative extremum at , then is a
critical number or an endpoint of the domain.
Relative Extrema
The First Derivative Test for Relative Extrema
 If to the left of and to
the right of

 If to the left of and to


the right of

 If has the same sign


on both sides of
The First Derivative Test for Relative Extrema

2. Find all critical numbers of the function

and classify each critical point as relative maximum,


a relative minimum, or neither.
Critical Numbers:
f ’(x) = 6x2 – 6x – 72
6x2 – 6x – 72 = 0
x2 – x – 12 = 0
(x – 4)(x + 3) = 0
x–4=0 x+3=0
x=4 x=–3
Test Points:
@ x = – 4; f ’(x) = 6(– 4)2 – 6(– 4) – 72 = + 48
@ x = 0; f ’(x) = 6(0) – 6(0) – 72 = ꟷ
@ x = 5; f ’(x) = 6(5)2 – 6(5) – 72 72
= + 48
Critical Points:
@ x = 4; f(x) = 2(4)3 – 3(4)2 – 72(4) + 15 = – 193
(4, – 193) Relative Minimum
@ x = – 3; f(x) = 2(– 3)3 – 3(– 3)2 – 72(– 3) + 15 = 150
(– 3, 150) Relative Maximum
The First Derivative Test for Relative Extrema

relative
maximum

relative
minimum
The First Derivative Test for Relative Extrema

(a) Find all critical numbers of the function


(b) Classify each critical point as a relative
maximum, a relative minimum, or neither.
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)

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