WORK, POWER AND ENERGY
WORK
Work is said to be Done,
if the point of Application of Force moves.
When Force is Applied
Actual Place Final Place
For Work to be done, the following conditions must
be satisfied,
I. A force must applied.
II. The applied Force must produce a
Displacement.
When Force is Applied
Actual Place Final Place
The amount of Work done is measured by the
product of applied Force and the distance through
which it moves in the direction of Force.
When Force is Applied
Final Place
Actual Place
Why work is Zero ?
If a Force F is applied on a body and
aProduces
Displacement S in its direction, The Work
done W is given by
W=F.S
If S is Zero, No Work is done.
Unit of Work is Joule
1Joule = 1N X 1m
1Joule = Kgm2/s2
Dimension of Work is
M L T-2
1 2
POWER
The Rate of doing Work is Known as Power
• Power is measured by the amount of Work done in One
Second.
• If Work W is done in ‘t’ seconds, then Power P=W/T
Thus,
• Smaller the time in which Work is done, the greater is
the Power.
• Power is a Scalar Quantity.
• Unit of Power is Watt.
• Watt is equal to Joule/second.
• Watt is equal to Kgm2/s3 .
• Dimension of power is M1 L2 T-3.
Energ
y
• Energy is the Capacity of a body to do
Work.
• Energy represents the total amount
of Work that a Body can do.
• Unit of Energy is Joule.
• Joule = Kgm2/s2.
• Dimension of Energy is M1 L2 T-2.
There are various types of Energy associated with
material bodies.
a)Mechanical Energy
b)Electrostatic Energy
c) Magnetic Energy
d)Light Energy
e)Sound Energy
f) Chemical Energy.......
etc
• Mechanical Energy is of two types
i. Potential Energy
ii. Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Potential Energy is the Energy Possessed by virtue of its position,
configuration or intermal mechanics.
Examples:
a. Water at the top of a Fall.
b. A compressed Spring.
c. A Streched Elastic band.
Expression of Potential Energy
Let a body of mass ‘m’ be raised to a height ‘h’ from the
ground. It possesses P.E by virtue of its postion. The
work done in lifting it is stored as P.E in the body.
By definition
Work done = Force X Displacement
W = F.h
But the Force acting on the body is its Weight ‘mg’
downwards.
Therefore Work done = mgh.
This Work done is nothing but the P.E stored in the body.
therefore
P.E = mgh
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy of a body is the Energy Possessed by it by virtue of its
motion.
• It is measured by the amount of work that the
body can do before coming to rest.
Examples:
a. An Athlete who is running has K.E due to
motion.
b. Water flowing in a pipe has K.E which can be
used to rotate a turbine.
c. A girl dropping ball from her hand.
d. A boy Pushing a ball from the tip of
the Hill.
Expression of Kinetic Energy
Let a body of mass ‘m’ move with a velocity v. Let it be brought to
rest by applying
A constant force F. Then the uniform retardation produce in the
body is a=f/m.
Let the body travel a distance is before coming to rest. Then
Work done=Force X displacement
W = F.S
Now, the value of retardation is found by the relation
v2 = u2+2as
In this case, Initial Velocity is ‘v’ and Final Velocity is
‘0’.
Therefore 0 = v2 - 2as Or
a = v2 /2s
But K.E of the body = work done before the body
comes to rest
or
K.E = ½ mv 2
Principle of Conservation Energy
The conservation of energy Principle was first
Stated by the German Phsiologist
Helmnoltz(1821-1894).
It is generally regarded as the corner stone of
physical science.
A/c to the Principle,
“Energy can neither be created nor be
destroyed. It can change one form to another
so that total Energy always remains
constant”.
Example:
Consider the Energy involved in a
Water-fall. The water at the top of
the fall P.E is Maximum and K.E is
Zero. As it falls Ever increasing
speed, the K.E gradually increases.
At the bottom of the fall, P.E is
Zero and K.E is Maximum. Total
Energy, however, remains constant
A
h C
(h-x)
B
Let us discuss the another example,
Freely falling body
let a particle of mass ‘m’ be
at ‘A’ at a height ‘h’ from the
ground (fig a). Let it fall freely to a
point ‘B’ on the ground.
(a) A freely falling body.
let a particle of mass ‘m’ be at ‘A’ at
a height ‘h’ from the ground.
(i) At point ‘A’, the body is at rest. Initial
velocity ‘u’ is Zero and therefore K.E is Also
Zero.
P.E of the body = mgh.
T.E = P.E + K.E
T.E = mgh + 0
T.E = mgh (1)
(ii) Let the body fall through a distance ‘x’
below ‘A’. The new position of the body
in ‘c’ at a height (h-x) above the ground.
At ‘c’, P.E = mg(h-x)
Now velocity, v12 acquired by the
body in reaching ‘c’ is calculated
from
v12 = u2 + 2gx
v 12 = 0 +
2gx v12 =
2gx
But K.E = ½ m v12
T.E = P.E + K.E
T.E = mg(h-x) + mgx
T.E = mgh – mgx + mgx
T.E = mgh (2)
(iii) At point ‘B’, let V2 be the velocity of the
body. P.E at B is Zero Since h=0 and
v2 = u + 2gs
2 2
v2 = 0 + 2gh
2
v2 = 2gh
2
Therefore K.E = ½ mv2
2
K.E = ½ m(2gh) = mgh
T.E = P.E + K.E
T.E = 0 + mgh (3)
T.E = mgh
from eq(1) eq(2) and (3) it is clear that
total energy of the body remains
constant throughout its motion.
Therefore Total Energy is constant.
Simple Harmonic Motion
SHM is defined as the motion
of a particle which moves
back and forth along a
straight line such that its
acceleration is directly
proportional to its
Displacement from a fixed
point and is always directed
Note : Harmonic means the motion
being SINUSOIDAL
Characteristics of
SHM
(1)The motion of a body
executing SHM is Periodic.
(2)The motion of a body is
to and fro along a straight
(3)Acceleration produced is
directly proportional to
displacement of the
equilibrium position.
(4)Acceleration is always
directed towards the
equilibrium position
Thank you
