0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views19 pages

Motherboard: - Chip Set

The document discusses the motherboard, which is the main circuit board inside a computer. It contains connectors for the CPU, BIOS, memory, storage interfaces, ports, and expansion slots. It also contains controllers that control peripheral devices like the display, keyboard, and hard drive. The motherboard's chipset collectively refers to all these chips. Motherboards come in different form factors and socket types to support different CPUs. Key components discussed include the CPU, memory slots, PCI and AGP slots, and power connections.

Uploaded by

Ankur Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views19 pages

Motherboard: - Chip Set

The document discusses the motherboard, which is the main circuit board inside a computer. It contains connectors for the CPU, BIOS, memory, storage interfaces, ports, and expansion slots. It also contains controllers that control peripheral devices like the display, keyboard, and hard drive. The motherboard's chipset collectively refers to all these chips. Motherboards come in different form factors and socket types to support different CPUs. Key components discussed include the CPU, memory slots, PCI and AGP slots, and power connections.

Uploaded by

Ankur Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

MOTHERBOARD

• Main circuit board inside your


computer is called a
motherboard.
• The motherboard contains the
connectors for attaching
additional boards, such as the
CPU, BIOS, memory, mass
storage interfaces, serial and
parallel ports, expansion slots
and all the controllers that are
required to control standard
peripheral devices such as the
display screen, keyboard, and
hard drive.
• Chip Set
Collectively, all these chips that
reside on the motherboard are
known as the motherboard's
chipset.
MOTHERBOARD
• Motherboards are divided into categories based on what
type of socket it has. Socket 478, for example, is used
for Intel Pentium 4 and the Celeron series CPUs. Socket
939 is used for the AMD64 range of processors. It's
important to ensure any motherboard you buy will
support the type of CPU you want to use in the system. If
you already have a CPU you'll need to purchase a
motherboard that will accept that same processor. For
those building or upgrading a system, you can also
invest in a motherboard & CPU combo, which is often
cheaper than buying the two components separately and
it also ensures compatibility.
MOTHERBOARD
• The form factor determines the size and shape of the mainboard
and also dictates what kind of case it will fit into.
• Listed below are the different types of form factors.
• PC/XT - Although it wasn't the first PC, it had many features that
were not available with previous PC designs. One such feature was
that it was the first computer to have a hard drive.
• It also had a large computer motherboard that was installed into a
full size horizontal or desktop case.
• Full-Size AT - The full-size AT mainboards were large in order to
accommodate a lot of circuitry and could be installed in full-size AT
desktop and tower cases. At present, full-size AT motherboards are
no longer produced.
• Baby-AT - Between 1983 to 1986, Baby-AT form factor became the
most popular computer motherboard because it was able to fit into a
number of different case designs. Today, you may still be able to get
motherboards of this design.
MOTHERBOARD
• In 1996, the Baby-AT was replaced by the ATX design.
• LPX - This board was a semi-proprietary motherboard design which was difficult to
repair and upgrade. Also, replacement parts for upgrades were expensive thus
making it more economical to purchase a brand new non-proprietary design.
• ATX - This design improved upon the Baby-AT and the LPX designs. Its physical
dimensions are approximaely 12" x 9.6". This design is not compatible with AT
designs because the motherboard is turned sideways in the case and has a different
power supply connector.
• Micro ATX - This is a smaller version of the ATX form factor. Its physical dimensions
are approximately 9.6" x 9.6".
• All form factors that precede the ATX are now obsolete. A new form factor called BTX
is now emerging. There will be three basic sizes:
•          picoBTX    -   7.9" x 10.4".
         microBTX  -  10.3" x 10.4".
         BTX          -  12.7" x 10.4".
• NOTE: Today, the ATX is the most popular design of the newer motherboards
and it is easily upgradeable.
• Computer motherboard designs are constantly changing. Listed below are the major
components of the motherboard:
MOTHERBOARD
• 1) CPU
2) Memory Slot
3) PCI Slot
4) AGP Slot
5) Power Supply Plugin
6) CMOS Battery
7) ISA Slot
8) IDE controller (hard
drive, CD-ROM)
9) CPU fan plug-in
10) PS/2 Port
(keyboard/mouse)
11) USB
12) Parallel Port (Printer)
CPU
• On personal computers and small
workstations, the CPU is housed in a
single chip called a microprocessor.
• The CPU itself is an internal
component of the computer. Modern
CPUs are small and square and
contain multiple metallic connectors
or pins on the underside. The CPU is
inserted directly into a CPU socket,
pin side down, on the motherboard.
Each motherboard will support only a
specific type or range of CPU so you
must check the motherboard
manufacturer's specifications before
attempting to replace or upgrade a
CPU. Modern CPUs also have an
attached heat sink and small fan that
go directly on top of the CPU to help
dissipate heat.
CPU
• Two typical components of a CPU are the
following:
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which
performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• The control unit (CU), which extracts
instructions from memory and decodes
and executes them, calling on the ALU
when necessary.
CPU
• Processors come in three basic categories:
• Low End - This is used for simple computing like word processing
and other business software. These include Intel Celeron, Intel
Pentium 4, AMD Athlon XP and AMD Sempron.
• Average - These processors are used for light video processsing
and gaming. They include the Intel Pentium D and the Athlon 64
which run at speeds in excess of 1 GHz.
• High End - These processors are the top of the line and are used
for more CPU intensive programs. In this group of computer parts
are the Dual Core chips such as Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2
Extreme, Intel Quad Core, AMD Athlon 64 X2 and AMD Athlon 64
FX which range upwards of 2.0 GHz.
• The processor (CPU) that you will need for your system is a matter
of personal choice but I would recommend a high-end processor
(CPU) such as the AMD Athlon 64 FX-74.
MEMORY SLOTS
• This is the total number of memory upgrade
slots (sockets) followed by their configuration.
Banks are the way a system addresses
memory. A bank must be completely filled with
memory modules of the same size and type in
order for the system to recognize and address
the memory. i.e. :
3 (3 banks of 1) This indicates that there are 3
memory slots. These are divided into 3 banks,
and each bank consists of one memory slot.
So you can add memory one piece at a time
for the system to use.
• 4 (2 banks of 2) This indicates that there are 4
memory slots. These are divided into 2 banks,
and each bank consists of two memory slots.
So you must add memory two pieces at a time
(they must be the same size and type of
memory) in order for the system to benefit from
the upgrade.
• 12 (3 banks of 4) This indicates that there are
12 memory slots. These are divided into 3
banks, and each bank consists of four memory
slots. So you must add memory four pieces at
a time (and they must be the same size and
type of memory) in order for the system to
benefit from the upgrade.
PCI SLOT
• PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect )
SLOTS are used for peripherals like video cards,
sound cards, internal modems, etc.
it is a local bus standard developed by Intel
Corporation.and replaces the ISA (Industry
Standard Architecture bus), the bus architecture
used in the IBM PC/XT and PC/AT. PCI is a 64-
bit bus, though it is usually implemented as a 32-
bit bus. It can run at clock speeds of 33 or 66
MHz. At 32 bits and 33 MHz, it yields a
throughput rate of 133 MBps.
PCI Express
• An I/O interconnect
bus standard (which
includes a protocol
and a layered
architecture) that
expands on and
doubles the data
transfer rates of
original PCI.
AGP SLOTS
• Short for Accelerated Graphics Port, an interface specification developed by
Intel Corporation. AGP is based on PCI, but is designed especially for the
throughput demands of 3-D graphics. Rather than using the PCI bus for
graphics data, AGP introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel so that
the graphics controller can directly access main memory. The AGP channel
is 32 bits wide and runs at 66 MHz. This translates into a total bandwidth of
266 MBps, as opposed to the PCI bandwidth of 133 MBps. AGP also
supports two optional faster modes, with throughputs of 533 MBps and 1.07
GBps. In addition, AGP allows 3-D textures to be stored in main memory
rather than video memory. AGP has a couple important system
requirements:
• The chipset must support AGP.
• The motherboard must be equipped with an AGP bus slot or must have an
integrated AGP graphics system.
• The operating system must be the OSR 2.1 version of Windows 95,
Windows 98 or Windows NT 4.0. And currently, many professional
Macintoshes support AGP.
AGP SLOTS
• An AGP slot is
shorter that a PCI
slot, usually
brown in colour
and located in line
and beside the
bank of PCI slots.
POWER SUPPLY PLUGIN
• If the computer already has
the motherboard installed
into it, the power leads from
the power supply need to be
plugged in. Most modern
motherboard use the large
ATX power connector that
gets plugged into the socket
on the motherboard. Some
motherboards require an
additional amount of power
through a 4-pin ATX12V
connector. Plug this in if
required.
CMOS
• complementary metal oxide
semiconductor. Pronounced see-moss,
CMOS is a widely used type of
semiconductor. CMOS semiconductors
use both NMOS (negative polarity) and
PMOS (positive polarity) circuits. Since
only one of the circuit types is on at any
given time, CMOS chips require less power
than chips using just one type of transistor.
This makes them particularly attractive for
use in battery-powered devices, such as
portable computers. Personal computers
also contain a small amount of battery-
powered CMOS memory to hold the date,
time, and system setup parameters. 15
IDE CONTROLLER
• No matter what you do with your computer, storage is an
important part of your system. In fact, most personal
computers have one or more of the following storage devices:
• Floppy drive
• Hard drive
• CD-ROM drive

Usually, these devices connect to the computer through an
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface. Essentially, an IDE
interface is a standard way for a storage device to connect to a
computer. IDE is actually not the true technical name for the
interface standard. The original name, AT Attachment (ATA),
signified that the interface was initially developed for the IBM
AT computer.
•  
PS/2 PORTS
• A type of port developed by
IBM for connecting a mouse
or keyboard to a PC. The
PS/2 port supports a mini
DIN plug containing just 6
pins. Most PCs have a PS/2
port so that the serial port
can be used by another
device, such as a modem.
The PS/2 port is often called
the mouse port.
PARALLEL PORTS
Chips
• A chip refers to a physical integrated circuit (IC)
on a computer. A chip in the context of this
document refers to an execution unit that can be
single- or multi-core technology.
Sockets
• The socket refers to a physical connector on a
computer motherboard that accepts a single
physical chip. Many motherboards can have
multiple sockets that can in turn accept multi-
core chips.

You might also like