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Cloning: Rajvir Kaur B.Tech (Hons) - Biotech SEC-A7702 Roll No-04

This document discusses cloning and provides details on: 1) Cloning produces genetically identical cells or animals from a single cell. DNA is taken from a donor cell and inserted into an egg cell whose DNA was removed. 2) Reproductive cloning creates a new genetically identical individual, while therapeutic cloning is used for medical research like growing replacement tissues. 3) Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal in 1997 using the process of nuclear transfer. Cloning research aims to study genetic disorders and develop new medical treatments.

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Ankur Singh
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21 views12 pages

Cloning: Rajvir Kaur B.Tech (Hons) - Biotech SEC-A7702 Roll No-04

This document discusses cloning and provides details on: 1) Cloning produces genetically identical cells or animals from a single cell. DNA is taken from a donor cell and inserted into an egg cell whose DNA was removed. 2) Reproductive cloning creates a new genetically identical individual, while therapeutic cloning is used for medical research like growing replacement tissues. 3) Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal in 1997 using the process of nuclear transfer. Cloning research aims to study genetic disorders and develop new medical treatments.

Uploaded by

Ankur Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLONING

RAJVIR KAUR
B.TECH(HONS)-BIOTECH
SEC-A7702
ROLL NO-04
What is a clone?
 Clone refers to genetically identical cells originating from
one cell.

 What is meant when talking about “cloned animals”?

 DNA is taken from a cloned cell of another animal, and


insert it into a zygote that had its DNA removed, and
replace it with the cloned DNA.
What is cloning?
 Reproductive cloning- The entire animal is produced
from a single cell by asexual reproduction. This would
allow for the creation of a human being who is
genetically identical to another.
 Therapeutic cloning- Broader use of the term
“cloning.” Does not create a new genetically identical
individual. Research includes therapy for human
mitochondria disease and others that could replace
damaged or diseased tissues without the risk of rejecting
another’s tissue. Could create new skin tissue for burn
patients.
Methods of cloning
 Embryo splitting- Artificially splitting a single embryo at
a very early stage of development. In the natural process
this would create twins.
 Nuclear replacement- Genetic material (nucleus
from embryonic, fetal, or adult cell) is removed and
placed into an unfertilized egg or embryo, whose
nucleus has been removed. In this case the nuclear
genes remain the same but the mitochondria DNA
would be different. This has the potential to create the
clone of an adult organism as well as many clones at
once.
What cloning looks
like on a cellular
level…
Who was the first clone?
 In 1997, the scientists successfully cloned the first
animal- a lamb named Dolly.
 The nucleus they used was from an adult of the same
species.
 Since then, they have successfully cloned sheep and
pigs.
Why do they want to clone animals?

 They do this to study genetic disorders and


disease susceptibility.
 It is done strictly for medical research.
Today’s Legality
 1997 House bill prohibited use of federal money for
experimentation with cell transfer technology to
produce an embryo that is a human clone. Federal
rules prohibit federal funding for embryo research. The
bill allowed for continuation of federal research on
plant and animal cloning. It did not affect research at
biotech companies or academic institutions, which
don't receive federal funding.
The future of cloning
 Research could give insight to origins of cancer and
other cellular processes such as aging.
 Techniques could be used with nerve cells that do not
regularly reproduce. Could possibly help Alzheimer or
Parkinson’s sufferers.
 Nuclear replacement could help those with diseases
that are inherited from mitochondria. The nucleus is
removed from the diseased cell and placed into one
with healthy mitochondria.
THANK YOU

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