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Learning and Teaching

The document discusses the project method of teaching and learning. [1] It was introduced in Europe in the 18th century and founded by John Dewey. [2] William Heard Kilpatrick expanded the method in the 20th century. [3] The key steps of the project method are: providing a situation, choosing a project, planning, execution, evaluation, and recording. The method promotes active learning through hands-on projects that address real-world problems.

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dharshanasatish GS
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57 views

Learning and Teaching

The document discusses the project method of teaching and learning. [1] It was introduced in Europe in the 18th century and founded by John Dewey. [2] William Heard Kilpatrick expanded the method in the 20th century. [3] The key steps of the project method are: providing a situation, choosing a project, planning, execution, evaluation, and recording. The method promotes active learning through hands-on projects that address real-world problems.

Uploaded by

dharshanasatish GS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING AND TEACHING

SEMINAR ON

PROJECT METHOD

SUBMITTED BY ,
G . S . DHARSHANA ,
ROLL .NO. 32 , I YEAR B . Ed . ( ENGLISH ) , GRACE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION , PADANTHALUMOODU .
INTRODUCTION

 The project method is a medium of instruction which was introduced during the 18 th century in the
schools of architecture and engineering in Europe .
 It was founded by John Dewey .
 In the 20th century , William Heard Kilpatrick expanded the project method into a philosophy of
education .
 Project work is one of the important techniques of learner – centred teachings .
 It is the method based on the philosophy of Pragmatism .
MEANING

Planned piece of work that is designed to find information about


something , to produce something new , or to improve something .
DEFINITIONS

• Stevenson : ” A project is a problematic act carried to completion in its


natural setting “.
• Kilpatrick : “ A project is a whole – hearted purposeful activity
proceeding in a social environment “ .
• Bossing : “ Project is a method of finding out solutions to problems in
their natural setting “ .
• Ballard : “ A project is a bit of real life that has been imparted into
school “ .
PSYCHOLOGICAL PRICIPLES OF LEARNING

 Learning by doing .

 Learning by living .

 Children learn better through association , cooperation , and


activity .
STEPS INVOLVED IN PROJECT
METHOD

 PROVIDING SUITABLE SITUATION .


 CHOOSING AND PROPOSING THE PROJECT .
 PLANNING .
 EXECUTION .
 EVALUATION .
 RECORDING .
1. PROVIDING SUITABLE SITUATION

 In the first step teacher creates the proper situation to the student in the class .
 A project should arise out of a need felt by students and it should never be forced on them
.
 It should look important and must be interesting and purposeful for the students .
 The teacher can provide a variety of situations through discussions , questioning , library
work , field work , etc…
CHOOSING AND PROPOSING THE
PROJECT

 The project should be chosen and proposed by the students .


 In this step the nature and goal of the project is determined as well as the limits and
scope of the project is clearly defined .
 The teacher helps the students to select the problem and guide them .
 Teacher should only tempt the students for a particular project by providing a situation
but the proposal for the project should finally come from students .
PLANNING

 The success of the project depends on the planning .


 The planning is to be done by the students .
 Every activity should be planned in detail before – hand .
 In the process of planning teacher has to act only as a guide and should give suggestions
at times but actual planning be left to the students .
 Students should note down the details of the plan correctly .
EXECUTION

 It is the most important and longest step in the project method and therefore needs a
great deal of patience on the part of the teacher and the students .
 In this step the teacher helps the students in assigning the work to different students in
accordance with their interest , aptitude , and capabilities .
 Each member of the group should be actively involved in execution of the project as per
the proposed action plan .
 The teacher is simply to keep a close watch , and encourage and guide the students
wherever necessary .
EVALUATION

 After the completion of the project work , it is better to evaluate it .


 Then only the mistakes committed , if any , could be found out and removed .
 The evaluation of the project has to be done in the light of :

o Proposed plan
o Difficulties in the reaction
o Achieved results

 Students should evaluate their own work and they should be able to spot their success and failures .
REGCORDING

 Students should record all the details of the project .


 It should include the proposal , plan and its discussion .
 It should also include the details of places visited and surveyed guidance for future and
all other possible details .
 This will be read , commented upon and then given finishing touches .
 The book formatted report is submitted to the teacher at the end .
ILLUSTRATION FOR CONDUCTING A
PROJECT

In the project method , the students should take


some projects . Depending upon the nature of the project , the class may
function as small groups or as a whole group . Sometimes the project itself
may be divided into small units every student or every small group will be
given an aspect or part of the project and they may be expected to complete
it successfully .After the completion of it the group should submit the report
to the teacher . Students will explain their experience , information
collected , findings obtained and the recommendations proposed .
CHARECTERISTICS OF A GOOD
PROJECT

 Project should allow the active participation of both the learner and the teacher .
 It should be useful and purposeful .
 It should have definite educational value .
 It should be practicable .
 It should provide maximum number of activities .
 It should not be too expensive .
 It should promote the investigative ability among the learners .
MERITS OF PROJECT WORK

 Project method promotes co – operative activity and group interaction .


 It provides creative and constructive thinking .
 Helps to think logically and scientifically .
 Helps them to be patient .
 Development of doing ability .
 Allows students to compete with their own previous performance .
 It affords opportunity to develop keenness and accuracy of observation and to
experience the joy of discovery .
LIMITATIONS AND DEMERITS OF PROJECT
METHOD

 The project method absorbs lot of time .


 It involves much more work on the part of the teacher .
 For proper execution of a project , a large number of financial resources are required .
 Text book and materials written on these lines are mostly not available .
 It is impossible to design different projects for different topics and it is also not possible
to cover all the topics in a single project .
 Teaching id disorganized .
 Sometimes the projects may be too ambitious and beyond student ‘ s capacity to
accomplish .
Conclusion

Students in a project method environment


should be allowed to explore and experience their
environment through their senses and , in sense ,
direct their own learning by their individual
interests . Very little is taught from textbooks and
the emphasis is on experiential learning rather
than rote and memorization . A project method
classroom focuses on democracy and collaboration
to solve “ purposeful ” problems .
REFERENCES

 Prof . K .Nagarajan, ( 2018 ) . LEARNING AND TEACHING . Sri Ram Publishers . Chennai -
093 .
 A . S . Hornby , ( 2010 ) . OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER ‘ S DICTIONARY . Oxford
University Press . New York .
WEB SOURCES
 https : // www.Patnauniversity.ac.in >
 https://www.slideshare.net>
 https://www.en.m.Wikipedia.org>

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