CRIM2: Theories of Crime
Causation
(Introduction to
Criminology)
BRIEF HISTORY
• Philippine College of Criminology
OF
• Plaridel Education Institution
CRIMINOLOGY • June 1955
EDUCATION IN • June 11, 1956
THE
PHILIPPINES
• RA 6506 – “An Act Creating the Board
Examiners for Criminologist in the
Philippines and for other purposes.”
CRIMINOLO • July 1, 1972 – Approved and became
GY AS effective
PROFESSIO • CRIMINOLOGIST – According to Sec 22
N of RA 6506, any person who is graduate
of the degree in Criminology, who
passed the examination for
criminologist and is registered as such
by the board.
CAREERS IN
CRIMINOLOGY
DISTINCTION BETWEEN
CRIMINILOGIST AND CRIMINALIST
CRIMINOLOGIST CRIMINALIST
• Graduate of B.S. Criminology • Practitioner in the field of
and passed the PRC Criminology Forensic Science
Licensure Examination • Some of them are Criminologist
• Could be employed as and some of them may have
criminalist. been able to work in the field of
forensic sciences
*All CRIMINOLOGIST are licensed criminologists by definition. BUT NOT ALL CRIMINALIST ARE LICENSED
CRIMINOLOGIST
WHAT IS
CRIMINOLOGY?
• EDWIN SUTHERLAND (1939)
Criminology is a body of phenomenon; it
includes within its scope the (1) making of
laws; (2) the breaking of laws; (3) the
reaction towards the breaking of laws.
• Larry J. Siegel
CRIMINOLO The scientific approach to studying
criminal behavior.
GY
• Tradio (1999)
The scientific study of cause of crime in
relation to man and society who set and
define rules and regulations for himself
and others to govern
• In broader sense, Criminology is the entire
body of knowledge regarding crime,
criminals and the effort of the society to
prevent and repress them.
• In narrower sense, criminology is the
scientific study of crimes.
CRIMINOLO • This scientific study is extended only in 3
GY basic line:
1. Investigation of the nature of criminal law
and its administration
2. Analysis of the causation of crimes and
behavior of criminals
3. Study of control crimes and the rehabilitation
of offender.
CRIMINOLOGY
• Derived from the Latin word crimen,
which means “accusation” and the
Greek word logia which means to
study.
UNDERSTANDING • 1985 – Raffaele Garofalo coined the
THE TERM term criminology in Latin
“criminologia”
CRIMINOLOGY • 1889 – Paul Topinard used the
analogous French Term “criminologie”
or criminology
PRINCIPAL • Criminal Etiology
DIVISION OF • Sociology of Laws
CRIMINOLO
GY • Penology
1. Criminology is an Applied
NATURE AND Science
CHARACTERIS 2. Criminology is a Social
TICS OF Science
CRIMINOLOGY 3. Criminology is Dynamic
4. Criminology is Nationalistic
• Study of the Origin and
Development of Criminal
SCOPE OF THE Law
STUDY OF • Study of the Causes of
CRIMINOLOGY Crime and Development of
Criminals
STUDY OF THE
OTHER 1. Criminal Demography
SCIENCES 2. Criminal Epidiomology
THAT EXAMINE 3. Criminal Ecology
4. Criminal Physical
CRIMINAL Anthropology
BEHAVIOR 5. Criminal Psychology
USING 6. Criminal Psychiatry
SCIENTIFIC 7. Victimology
METHOD
• Italy, Europe
DEVELOPM • Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy
Bentham
ENT OF • Classical School of Criminology
CRIMINOLO • Cesare Lombroso
• Positivist School of thought in
GY Criminology
• Father of Modern Criminology
CRIMES AND
CRIMINALS
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CRIMES
• A generic term which refers to all
acts that violate the law.
• According to Philippine Law
Dictionary, it is an act committed or
omitted in violation of public law.
• Defined by criminal or penal laws.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACT COMMITTED
AND ACT OMITTED
ACT COMMITTED ACT OMMITTED
• Refers to crime of commission. • Refers to a crime omission.
The act performed is in Failed to perform an act that is
violation of a law forbidding it. commanded by law.
TRIANGLE OF CRIME / ELEMENTS OF CRIME
DESIRE
CAPABILITY OPPORTUNITY
CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME
CRIMES
LEGAL CRIMINOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION
LEGAL CLASSIFICATION
A. According to Law Violated
CRIME
FELONY OFFENSE INFRANCTION
B. According to the Manner of Committing the Crime
CRIME /
FELONY
DOLO OR DECEIT CULPA OF FAULT
C. According to the Stage of Commission
CRIMES
CONSUMATED
CRIMES
FRUSTRATED
CRIMES
ATTEMPTED
CRIMES
D. According to Plurality
CRIMES
COMPLEX
SIMPLE CRIMES
CRIMES
E. According to Gravity
CRIMES / FELONIES
GRAVE FELONIES
LESS GRAVE FELONIES
LIGHT FELONIES
F. According to the Nature of the Act
CRIME /
FELONY
MALA
MALA IN SE
PROHIBITA
CRIMINOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
CRIME
A. According to the Result of the Crime
CRIME
ACQUISITIVE CRIMES DESTRUCTIVE CRIMES
B. According to the Time or Period of the Commission of Crime
CRIME
SITUATIONAL
SEASONAL CRIMES
CRIMES
C. According to the Length of Time of the Commission of Crime
CRIME
INSTANT CRIME EPISODIAL CRIMES
D. According to Place or Location
CRIME
CONTINUING
STATIC CRIME
CRIMES
E. According to the Use of Mental Faculties
CRIME
IRRATIONAL
RATIONAL CRIMES
CRIMES
F. According to the Type of Offender
CRIME
WHITE COLLAR BLUE COLLAR
CRIMES CRIMES
CRIME STATISTICS
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CRIME RATE
Crime Volume
CRIME RATE = x 100,000
Total number of population
CRIME VOLUME
CRIME Crime Rate x total number of population
VOLUME =
100,000
CRIMINALS
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A. According to Etiology
CRIMINALS
ACUTE CRIMINALS CHRONIC CRIMINALS
NORMAL NEUROTIC
CRIMINALS CRIMINALS
B. According to Type of Offender
CRIMINALS
ORDINARY ORGANIZED PROFESSIONALS
WHEN DOES LEGAL POINT OF VIEW
CRIME • Crime exists when the court proved
the person guilty.
EXIST?
SCIENTIFIC POINT OF VIEW
• Crime exist when it is reported.
CRIMINAL LAW:
Means of Social
Control
• Defined as that a branch of
public law which defines
CRIMINA crimes, treats of their nature
and provides for their
L LAW punishment.
• It is also referred as “Penal
Law”.
SOURCES • Act 3815 – also known as
the Revised Penal Code
OF • Special Penal Laws enacted
PHILIPPINE by Philippine Congress
• Penal Presidential Decrees
CRIMINAL issued by the former
LAW President Marcos
THE • CODE OF HAMMURABI
• THE HETTITES
EARLY
• CODE OF DRAKON
• LAWS OF SOLON
CODES
• ROMES TWELVE TABLES
• THE REVISED PENAL CODE
CHARACTERI • Generality
STICS OF • Territoriality
CRIMINAL • Prospectivity
LAW • Specific and Definite
FELONY
DOLO OR CULPA OR
DECEIT FAULT
CONSUMATED
CRIMES
FRUSTRATED
CRIMES
CRIMES
ATTEMPTED
CRIMES
• JUSTIFYING CIRCMSTANCES
• EXCEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCES
CIRCUMSTANC
• MITIGATING CIRCUMSTRANCES
ES AFFECTING
• AGGRAVATING
CRIMINAL CIRCUMSTANCES
LIABILITY • ALTERNATIVE CIRCUMSTANCES
