Learning Objectives:

At the end of this module, you should be able

to:
 1. Identify the different patterns of paragraph
development and its transition signals.
 2. Write a short paragraph using any mode of
paragraph development.
 3. Use critical thinking in accomplishing various
tasks.
Directions: Write 3 things you learned on paragraph development, 2
things you still want to know more, and 1 question you have about it.
Patterns of Paragraph Development

What I learned … What I want to know What I want to ask …

More …
The logical arrangement of ideas is
known as the pattern of
development.
Narration
Narration, in its basest definition, is story
telling.
It is a sequence of events, not necessarily
arranged in chronological order, told by a
narrator, happening in a particular place at
a particular time.
 The following signal words will help you in
identifying this pattern. about after afterwards
SIGNAL WORDS:

About Until In the Prior to

After Before Meantime later Second

Afterwards During Meanwhile Soon

As soon Eventually Next week Then till

As Finally first Next Today

At this/that point Immediately Presently

tomorrow when yesterday

Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate
narration. Then, note down the important details.
 Ondoy began to develop from an active low pressure area to
a tropical cyclone on September 24, 2009. The following day,
PAGASA raised storm signals all over the Philippine
archipelago. At that point, signal no. 2 was raised in
Catanduanes and other parts of Luzon. By Saturday morning,
reports of flooding started to pour in. Meanwhile, President
Arroyo declared a state of calamity in Metro Manila.
Immediately after President Arroyo’s declaration, various
government agencies began the rescue and relief operations.
As soon as Typhoon Ondoy exited the Philippines, more and
more relief and rescue operations were conducted.
Definition
 Using definition to develop an idea helps to
clarify and explain concepts by answering the
question “What does it mean?”
 This pattern explains the information using
illustrations, examples, and descriptions.
 SIGNAL WORDS:

Is defined means

As defined To define

Refers to To
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate
definition. Then, note down the important details.
 Social engineering is defined as any method which tricks
people to share personal information using technology.
The ‘social’ component in this scheme means that there is
reliance on various psychological tricks and on the
gullibility of users rather than technical hacking. Social
engineering also refers to various malicious acts online
such as phishing, spamming, and pretexting.
Exemplification
 An exemplification pattern presents the general
statement and then provides specific and
concrete examples to expound on the main idea.
Simply put, this pattern is used to provide an
example of something.
 SIGNAL WORDS
to clarify after all
for example as an example
namely for instance consider the following
in other words to illustrate
in particular Specifically
in short Stated differently
That is To be specific
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that
indicate exemplification. Then, note down the most
important details of the text.
 While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also
has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to
the act of obtaining personal information, such as
passwords and credit card details, through online means. In
other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. As an
example, let us consider the case of Mr. X. he received an
email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised
and that he needed to click a link to update personal
information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal
information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals.
Description
 A descriptive paragraph basically provides
details on the idea by using either a sensory or
spatial pattern. Through a sensory pattern, ideas
are arranged based on one or all of the five
senses. A spatial pattern, on the other hand,
arranges ideas by location or physical space.
SIGNAL WORDS:

Above In front of Against Near

Across On top of Along Beyond

Adjacent to Onto Alongside By

Below Opposite to Amidst Down

Beneath Outside Around Farther

Beside Over Away from Here

between throughout Back of

off on Behind
 Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that
indicate exemplification. Then, note down the most
important details of the text.
 A laptop is one of the greatest inventions of the modern era. It is a lightweight
device that can save a vast amount of information. The screen, touchpad,
speakers, keyboard, battery, and AC adapter are the basic parts of a laptop.
The most noticeable part of a laptop is its screen, which is responsible for
displaying information. Another major component is the keyboard. On it are
the keys needed to enter data into the computer. Near the keyboard you will
find a smooth, rectangular surface which acts like a desktop computer mouse –
this is the touchpad. At the bottom part of this rectangular surface, you will see
buttons that operate like a mouse button. Below the keyboard and touchpad,
built into the laptop itself are the speakers which allow you to hear sounds and
music. Found at the back of the keyboard is the battery; it serves as the lifeline
of the computer. Finally, a laptop also comes with an AC adapter which
charges the battery and serves as the source of electric power when it is
plugged in.
Comparison and
Contrast
A comparison and contrast pattern organizes

ideas based on how the events, places, people,
things, and concepts are similar to or different
from one another.
 There are two ways on how ideas can be
arranged: separately, which involves describing
one item first followed by the second item, or
side- by-side, which means discussing both items
based on each point of comparison.
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that
indicate Comparison and Contrast. Then, note
down the important details.
Are you not sure yet which phone to buy? To help you decide, this review will
inspect the basic similarities and differences of the flagship phones of two giant
companies: Apples iPhone 6 and Samsung’s Galaxy S5. Both brag to be the
best smart phones in the market to date.
While these state-of-the-art phones have similarities in the form of sleek
design, multi-touch touch screen, and multimedia 8
NegOr_Q3_RWS_Module1_v2 features, they have their distinctive features as
well. First, Galaxy S5 has a larger screen at 5.1 inches as compared to iPhone
6’s 4.7 inches. As for the operating system, iPhone 6 uses iOS(8x) while S5 uses
Android (5.0, 2.4.2). In terms of the camera, S5 has a 2.1megapixel front-
facing camera which is higher than iPhone’s 1.2 megapixels. Unlike S5,
iPhone’s battery is not user -replaceable and has a shorter talk time, but when
it comes to built-in storage, iPhone 6 outperforms S5. Now that you know the
basic differences of the two phones, you can decide!
Classification and Division
 A classificationpattern organizes ideas into
categories or divisions based on criteria and
standards. This pattern can be used when
classifying people, things, places, and other
items. Make sure to always double-check whether
each term is undeniably part of a certain category.
Avoid oversimplifying just so you may be able to
assign something to a category, as it may result in
stereotyping.
SIGNAL WORDS:

Another, another kind The last group

Classified as The next part

Final type The first category

One kind
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate a classification and
 Earthquakes
division pattern. Then, can
note be classified
down into details
the important three afterwards.
main types
based on the plate movements. The first type is known as
a convergent boundary. Also known as destructive plate
boundary, this type of earthquake happens when two
tectonic plates move toward one another and collide. The
second type of earthquake is called divergent boundary.
During this type of earthquake, two plates are forced to
move away from each other resulting in a rift zone. The
last type is called the conservative plate boundary or
transform fault. During this type of earthquake, two
tectonic plates slide past one another.
Cause and Effect
 A cause-effect pattern organizes details based on the
cause, the reason, and the result or consequences of
a certain phenomenon. This pattern may discuss both
the causes and effects, the causes only, or the effects
only.
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate
a cause-and-effect pattern. Then, note down the
important details afterwards.
 The advancement in technology and economy has created major
changes in modern society. One of these changes is globalization. As
we know, globalization has affected the world in many ways. First, it
served as a catalyst to worldwide trading, thus allowing countries to
access foreign products. Although this had positive effects, it also
posed a real threat to the merchandise of local traders. Second,
globalization affected the financial market. As a result, different
countries had more access to funds, and the exchange in national
currencies dramatically increased. Finally, globalization also led the
privatization of various facilities, such as public health institutions.
These institutions were being privatized due to the idea that the
private sector can better manage and provide health services. In
consequence, health policies become more and more of a commodity
on a global scale.
Problem-solution
 A problem-solution pattern organizes ideas into problems
and proposed solutions. The problem section usually
includes what, who, when, where, why, and how of the
problem. The other part then presents the major effects of
the problem and the possible solutions to address it, as
well as the steps in implementing the solution.
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate problem-
solution pattern. Then, note down the important details.
Today, most of the energy resources we have generated from coal, oil, and
natural gas. However, these resources are limited. If continuously
consumed at an alarming rate, fossils necessary for generating power to
operate vehicles and factories will run out before long. Nonetheless, this
problem can be resolved using alternative sources of energy and
conservation efforts. First, using alternative sources of energy such as
solar energy and fusion energy would lessen pollution. These alternatives
are actually more accessible and cost-efficient. Although there are some
potential risks in using fusion energy, these risks can be mitigated by
implementing strict safety measures. The second solution that governments
can adopt is the enhancement of conservation efforts. To do this,
governments need to make public more aware of the benefits of
conservation, as well as ways of conserving energy, such as recycling.
Laws can also be passed to mandate the public and all stakeholders to
recycle energy.
Persuasion
 A persuasion pattern organizes ideas to show how a
set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or
argument. Specifically, this pattern presents the issue,
position, and the supporting evidence that supports the
position.
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate persuasion.
Then, note down the important details.
 Euthanasia or mercy killing has been a widely debated issue. It
is an act to end a person’s life to alleviate the suffering brought
about by a terminal or grave illness. While it may be supported
by some, mercy killing is not only an unethical medical practice,
it is also a crime. After all, on the most basic level, euthanasia
still takes a life. In fact, majority of the countries in the world,
including those that have legalized it, consider it as homicide.
Aside from being a crime, euthanasia is unethical in the medical
context because it violates the principle of “primum non nocore”
which means “first, do no harm.” In their code of ethics, doctors
have responsibility of saving lives, not destroying them, which is
why euthanasia can never be acceptable.