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Cprogramming - OSG202

This document discusses C programming in Linux, including compiling C programs with GCC, using libraries, creating processes with fork and exec, working with signals and process termination, creating and managing threads with pthreads, and examples of process and thread programming. Key topics covered include compiling with GCC options like -c, -o, and -g, creating shared libraries, getting process IDs with getpid() and parent IDs with getppid(), creating child processes, sending signals with kill(), waiting for processes with wait(), creating threads with pthread_create(), passing data to threads, joining threads with pthread_join(), using mutexes and condition variables for synchronization.

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Mephal Justin
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80 views

Cprogramming - OSG202

This document discusses C programming in Linux, including compiling C programs with GCC, using libraries, creating processes with fork and exec, working with signals and process termination, creating and managing threads with pthreads, and examples of process and thread programming. Key topics covered include compiling with GCC options like -c, -o, and -g, creating shared libraries, getting process IDs with getpid() and parent IDs with getppid(), creating child processes, sending signals with kill(), waiting for processes with wait(), creating threads with pthread_create(), passing data to threads, joining threads with pthread_join(), using mutexes and condition variables for synchronization.

Uploaded by

Mephal Justin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C - Programming in Linux

C - Programming
• #include <stdio.h>
#include “reciprocal.hpp”
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
i = atoi (argv[1]);
printf (“The reciprocal of %d is %g\n”, i, reciprocal (i));
return 0;
}
Install and check GCC
• $ gcc --version
• More https://linux.die.net/man/1/gcc
Compiling
 Compiling a Single Source File
 gcc -c filedestination filesource
 Linking Object Files
 gcc –o –g -wall filedestination list-filesource
 Option of gcc/g++
 o: option represent to place output in file filedestination, the
default is to put an executable file in out extension (*.out)
 c option represent to compile or assemble the source files,
but do not link
 g option represent to produce debugging
 wall: warning
Using Libraries
 Archives
 gcc -o filedestination.a lis-filesource.o
 Shared Libraries
 gcc -c -fPIC lis-filesource.c
 gcc -shared -fPIC filedestination.so lis-filesource.o
Process
• Use <unistd.h>
• Looking at Processes
• Process IDs: getpid()
• Parent process IDs: getppid()
• Creating Processes
• System
• fork and exec
Process
• Signals
• use <signal.h>
• SIG_DFL, which specifies the default disposition for the signal.
• SIG_IGN, which specifies that the signal should be ignored.
• sig_atomic_t
• Process Termination
• kill (child_pid, SIGTERM);
• use <sys/types.h> and <signal.h>
• Wait, <sys/wait.h>
• Zombie Processes :exit
Process
• Other Methods
• int system(const char *string);
• int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, ...) int execv(const char *path, const char *argv[ ])
• int execlp(const char *lename, const char *arg, ...) int execvp(const char *lename, const char
*argv[ ])
• int execle(const char *path, const char *arg, ...,const char **env)
• int execve(const char *path, const char *argv[ ], const char **env)
Threads
• Use <pthread.h>
• Init: int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine), (void*) *argdata)
• Thread Creation
• pthread_t
• pthread_attr_t
• pthread_exit
• Passing Data to Threads
• Joining Threads: pthread_join
Threads
• Thread Return Values: void*
• More on Thread IDs
• pthread_self : the thread ID of the thread in which it is called.
• Compared with another thread ID using the pthread_equal function
• Thread Attributes
• pthread_attr_t
• pthread_attr_init
• pthread_attr_destroy
• Thread Cancellation
• pthread_cancel
• Cleanup Handlers
• pthread_cleanup_push
• pthread_cleanup_pop
Threads
• Synchronization and Critical Sections
• Race Conditions: job_queue
• Mutexes : pthread_mutex_t , pthread_mutex_init , pthread_mutex_lock, pthread_mutex_unlock
• Mutex Deadlocks: pthread_mutexattr_destroy
• Nonblocking Mutex Tests : pthread_mutex_trylock
• Semaphores for Threads:
• semaphore.h
• sem_t , sem_init
• sem_destroy
• sem_wait
• sem_trywait
• sem_getvalue
Threads
• Synchronization and Critical Sections
• Condition Variables
• pthread_cond_t
• pthread_cond_init
• pthread_cond_signal
• pthread_cond_wait
Example
• Display the ID of this process and the ID of the parent process (P1.c)
• Use fork to create Process (P2.c)
• Use fork to create Process and child Process (P3.c)
• Creates a number of child processes (passed in via the main argument),
prints the child processes' IDs and the parent process pending call (P4.c)
• Using SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN (P5.c)
• Using system (P6.c)
• Create Thread (T1.c)
• Create Thread using data (T2.c)
• Join Thread (T3.c)

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