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Industrial Instrumentation

This document provides information about mass measurement techniques including load cells, spring balances, and mass balance instruments. It discusses the fundamentals of strain gages, how they are based on the variation of conductor resistance under mechanical stress according to Hooke's law. Applications of strain gages include their use in load cells, pressure sensors, and driving remote bridges. Circuit configurations including full bridge and wheatstone bridge are described. Worked examples of calculating resistance change and output voltage for given load cells are provided.

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46 views26 pages

Industrial Instrumentation

This document provides information about mass measurement techniques including load cells, spring balances, and mass balance instruments. It discusses the fundamentals of strain gages, how they are based on the variation of conductor resistance under mechanical stress according to Hooke's law. Applications of strain gages include their use in load cells, pressure sensors, and driving remote bridges. Circuit configurations including full bridge and wheatstone bridge are described. Worked examples of calculating resistance change and output voltage for given load cells are provided.

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Nhân Phạm Đình
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© © All Rights Reserved
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INDUSTRIAL

INSTRUMENTATION
Lecturer: Nguyen Duc Hoang
Department of Control & Automation
Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Email: [email protected]
Chapter 11: Mass measurement
• Introduction

• Strain gage
• Applications

• Driving Remote Bridges


• Loadcell

• Pressure sensor
Introduction
• The mass of a body is always quantified in terms of a measurement
of the weight of the body, this being the downward force exerted by
the body when it is subject to gravity.
• Three methods are used to measure this force:
• load cell
• spring balance
• mass balance instrument
Strain gages
Fundamentals
• Strain gages are based on the variation of resistance of a conductor or semi-
conductor when subjected to a mechanical stress.
Hooke’s law

• E : Young’s modulus
•  : mechanical stress
•  : strain (microstrains : 1 = 10-6 m/m)
Example
A 350  strain gage having G = 2.1 is attached to an
aluminum strut (E = 73 GPa). The outside diameter of the
strut is 50 mm and the inside diameter is 47.5 mm.
Calculate the change in resistance when the strut
supports a 1000 kg load. (0.52 )
Mental and semiconductor
type strain gages
Bridge configurations
Bridge configurations
Bridge configurations
Bridge configurations
Applications
Driving Remote Bridges
Driving Remote Bridges
Load cell
Load cell
Loadcell

4-wire current-driven bridge Kelvin sensing system


Bridge Signal Conditioning Circuits
Bridge Signal Conditioning Circuits
Pressure sensor
350  strain gage, gage factor is
2.0, bonded on steel (E = 210
GPa). If Vr = 1.5 V, calculate the
Vo when the load is -100 kg/cm2
(compression).
A given load cell has four 250  strain gages bonded on steel (E =
210 GPa) and connected in full bridge as in Figure. The gage factor
is 2.0 and resistance tolerance 0.3 %. If the bridge is supplied at 10
V, determine the output voltage when the applied load is 100
kg/cm2. If there is no provision for bridge balance at rest, what
would the maximal error (kg/cm2) be because of resistor tolerance?
BT11
BT12

Cảm biến áp suất loại áp trở như hình,


bao gồm 1 cầu 4 strain gage 4000Ω có độ
nhạy 1mV/psi, offset tối đa 1 mV khi cấp
nguồn 12 V và tuyến tính. Ir = 100 A.
Các OpAmp lý tưởng và được cấp nguồn
5V.
Bỏ qua điện áp offset của cảm biến, tính
giá trị các điện trở để khi đo áp suất trong
tầm 0 psi đến 100 psi thì đạt được điện áp
ngõ ra từ 0.5 V đến 4 V.

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