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CSCI-1190: Beginning C Programming For Engineers: Lecture 4: Arrays and Pointers Gang Chen

This document discusses arrays and pointers in C programming. It covers array declaration and initialization, accessing array elements, multidimensional arrays, pointers and how they store memory addresses, using pointers to access array elements, passing arrays and pointers to functions, and an in-class exercise on swapping two numbers using a function.

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Abdul Wahab
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31 views

CSCI-1190: Beginning C Programming For Engineers: Lecture 4: Arrays and Pointers Gang Chen

This document discusses arrays and pointers in C programming. It covers array declaration and initialization, accessing array elements, multidimensional arrays, pointers and how they store memory addresses, using pointers to access array elements, passing arrays and pointers to functions, and an in-class exercise on swapping two numbers using a function.

Uploaded by

Abdul Wahab
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSCI-1190: Beginning C

Programming for Engineers


Lecture 4: Arrays and Pointers
Gang Chen
Short-Cut Assignments
a += b; a = a + b;

a -= b; a = a – b;

a *= b; a = a * b;

a /= b; a = a / b;

a %= b; a = a % b;
Expressions as Statements
• Expressions can be directly used as
statements
1. 1 + 34;
2. x – 9;
3. i-1,j+2,k-3;
4. a = 5;
5. b = c = d = 5;
6. a = b = 2 * ( c = 5);
7. foo(bar);
Postfix Increment and Decrement
• Postfix increment and decrement operators
return the original value of the variable,
then increment or decrement the variable.
int a,b;
a = b = 10;
printf("%d\n",a++); /* 10 */
printf("%d\n",a); /* 11 */
printf("%d\n",b--); /* 10 */
printf("%d\n",b); /* 9 */
Prefix Increment and Decrement
• Prefix increment and decrement operators
increment or decrement the variable, then
return its resulting value.
int a,b;
a = b = 10;
printf("%d\n",++a); /* 11 */
printf("%d\n",a); /* 11 */
printf("%d\n",--b); /* 9 */
printf("%d\n",b); /* 9 */
Arrays
• An array can be viewed as a set of indexed
variables with the same name.
• Declared using the [] notation to indicate the
range/size of the array
• Elements are indexed using the [] notation,
ranging from 0 to one less than the bound
a[0] a[1] a[2] a[3] a[4] i
int a[5], i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++){
a[i]=i;
}
Using Arrays
• There are no built-in operators for arrays

int i,a[5],b[5],c[5];
a=1; /* error */
b=2; /* error */
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{ a[i]=1; b[i]=2; } /* ok */
c=a+b; /* error */
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
c[i]=a[i]+b[i]; /* ok */
Array Indices
• Indices must be integers
int i,j,a[10];
float r=1.0;
a[-1]=1; /* error */
a[10]=1; /* error */
a[15]=1; /* error */
a[r]=1; /* error */
j=r; /* j=1 */
a[j]=1; /* okay */
Multidimensional Arrays

int i,j,a[5][3];
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
a[i][j]=i*j;
}
In-Class Exercise 4-1
• Generate 10000 floating point random numbers between 0
and 1. Divide the range [0,1] into 20 intervals with width
0.05. The first interval is [0,0.05], the second is
[0.05,0.10], ..., the last is [0.95,1.00].  Show the number of
visits to each interval.  The output of you program should
look like:
0.000000-0.050000: 501
0.050000-0.100000: 463
0.100000-0.150000: 476
...
0.900000-0.950000: 466
0.950000-1.000000: 493
 
Pointers
• Pointers are variables that contain memory
addresses as their values
1. int *p;
2. int i=1,j=2;
3. p=&i;
4. printf("*p=%d\n",*p); /* *p=1 */
5. p=&j;
6. printf("*p=%d\n",*p); /* *p=2 */
7. j++;
8. Printf(“*p=%d\n”,*p); /* *p=3 */
Arrays and Pointers
• In many cases arrays and pointers are
interchangeable
3000 3004 3008 3012 3016
1. int a[5];
2. int *p; a[0] a[1] a[2] a[3] a[4]
3. p=a;
4. p=&a[0];
5. p++;
6. p+=2;
7. *p=3; /* same as a[3]=3 */
8. *a=0; /* same as a[0]=0 */
9. *(a+2)=2; /* same as a[2]=2 */
10. p[1]=4; /* same as a[4]=4 */
11. printf("p-a=%d\n",p-a); /* p-a=2 */
12. a=p; /* error */
Pointers as Function Parameters
void increment1(int a){
a++;
}
void increment2(int* p){
(*p)++;
}
int main(){
int i=1;
increment1(i);
printf("i=%d\n",i); /* i=1, not 2 */
increment2(&i);
printf("i=%d\n",i); /* i=2 */
}
Arrays as Function Parameters
int sum(int a[], int n) /* equivalent to int sum(int* a, int n) */
{
int i,s;
for(i=0,sum=0;i<n;i++)
s+=a[n];
return s;
}
int main()
{
int i,c[100];
for(i=0;i<100;i++)c[i]=i;
printf("The total is %d\n",sum(c,100));
return 0;
}
In-Class Exercise 4-2
• The following incomplete program tries to swap two numbers by
calling a function named swap.  Complete the definition of the swap
function and the function call.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
  int a,b;
  printf("please input two numbers:");
  scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
  printf("a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
  swap();
  printf("a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
  return 0;
}

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