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CSCI-1190: Beginning C Programming For Engineers: Lecture 2: Logic, Repetition, Iteration Gang Chen

This document discusses control structures in C programming including if/else statements, logical operators, switch statements, while loops, for loops, break and continue statements, and nested loops. It provides examples of using these structures to write programs that translate grades, calculate sums from 1 to 100, and print diamond shapes. The lecturer reviews basic C concepts and then covers sequential execution, branching, repetition and iteration control flows.

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Abdul Wahab
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53 views

CSCI-1190: Beginning C Programming For Engineers: Lecture 2: Logic, Repetition, Iteration Gang Chen

This document discusses control structures in C programming including if/else statements, logical operators, switch statements, while loops, for loops, break and continue statements, and nested loops. It provides examples of using these structures to write programs that translate grades, calculate sums from 1 to 100, and print diamond shapes. The lecturer reviews basic C concepts and then covers sequential execution, branching, repetition and iteration control flows.

Uploaded by

Abdul Wahab
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSCI-1190: Beginning C

Programming for Engineers


Lecture 2: Logic, repetition,
iteration
Gang Chen
Reviewing Lecture 1
• printf ( %d, %f, \n )
• arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/,%,++,--)
• expressions
• variables ( integer, floating point number)
• scanf ( %d, %f, & )
• assignment (=)
Reviewing Lecture 1 (cont.)
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. float a,b,c;
5. printf("Please input the first number:\n");
6. scanf("%f",&a);
7. printf("Please input the second number:\n");
8. scanf("%f",&b);
9.

10. c=a*a+b*b;
11. printf("c*c = %f \n", c);
12. return 0;
13. };
Control Structure
• Sequential execution
• Branch
– if, if-else
– switch
• Repetition
– while
– do-while
• Iteration
– for
if Statement
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. int grade;
5. printf("Please input your grade:");
6. scanf("%d", &grade);
7. if( grade >= 60) /* boolean expression*/
8. printf("You passed the exam!\n");
9. return 0;
10. };
if-else Statement
1. if( grade >= 60)
2. { /* compound statement */
3. printf("You passed ");
4. printf("the exam!\n");
5. }
6. else
7. {
8. printf("You failed!\n");
9. }
Relational Operators
• Relational expressions == Equal
return 1 if the condition is
true, or 0 otherwise. != Not equal
• Relational operators have < Less than
a lower precedence than
arithmetic operators. <= Less than or
equal
• Don’t confuse == with =
– if( a==3 ) > Greater than
– if( a=3 )
>= Greater than or
equal
Nested if-else Statement
1. if( grade >= 90)
2. printf("You got an A!\n");
3. else if ( grade >= 80 )
4. printf("You got a B!\n");
5. else if ( grade >= 70 )
6. printf("You got a C!\n");
7. else if ( grade >= 60 )
8. printf("You got a D!\n");
9. else
10. printf("You failed!\n");
Logical Operators
Negation: ==1 if expr is 0, and 0 otherwise
!expr !0 == 1;
!2.0 == 0;
And: ==1 if both expr1 and exp2 are true
expr1&&expr2 2 && 3 == 1;
0 && 2 == 0;
Or: ==1 if either expr1 or expr2 are true
expr1||expr2 2 || 3 == 1;
0 || 3 == 1;

• Precedence: logical operators <relational


operators < arithmetic operators
Using Logical Operators
1. if( grade >= 90)
2. printf("You got an A\n");
3. if( grade >= 80 && grade < 90)
4. printf("You got a B\n");
5. if( grade >= 70 && grade < 80)
6. printf("You got a C\n");
7. if( grade >= 60 && grade < 70)
8. printf("You got a D\n");
9. if( grade < 60 )
10. printf("You failed!\n");
Logical Operators or Nested if-else
Statement?
if ( expr1 && expr2 ) if ( expr1)
A; { if ( expr2 ) A; else B;}
else else
B; B;

if ( expr1 || expr2 ) if ( expr1)


A; A;
else else
B; { if ( expr2 ) A; else B;}
In-Class Exercise 2-1
• Find the largest and smallest number
among three numbers.
– Nested if-else statement (minimum
comparisons)
– Logical operators (only if statement is
allowed; no else clause)
switch Statement
1. char grade; 18. case 'D':
2. printf("Please enter the letter grade:"); 19. case 'd':
3. scanf("%c",&grade); 20. printf("At least passed!\n");
4. switch (grade) 21. break;
5. { 22. case 'F':
6. case 'A': 23. case 'f':
7. case 'a': 24. printf(“Don’t worry!\n");
8. printf("Excellent!\n"); 25. break;
9. break; 26. default:
10. case 'B': 27. printf("I don't understand what you
11. case 'b': mean\n");
12. printf("Not bad!\n"); 28. break;
13. break; 29. }
14. case 'C':
15. case 'c':
16. printf("It is okay!\n");
17. break;
goto Statement
1. int grade;
2. loop: /* label */
3. printf("Please input your grade:");
4. scanf("%d", &grade);
5. if (grade <0) goto exit;
6. if( grade >= 60)
7. printf("You passed the exam!\n");
8. goto loop; /* label */
9. exit:
10. return 0;
Structured Programming
• Complete sets
– if, goto
– if,while,for
• Never use goto
Grade Translation (while)
1. int grade=0;
2. while(grade>=0)
3. {
4. printf("Please input your grade:");
5. scanf("%d", &grade);
6. if( grade >= 60)
7. printf("You passed the exam!\n");
8. }
Sum from 1 to 100 (goto)
i=1;
1. int i=1, sum=0; sum=0;
2. loop:
3. sum=sum+i; sum=sum+i;

4. i++;
5. if(i<=100) i++;

6. goto loop;
i<=100
Yes
No
Sum from 1 to 100 (while)
i=1;
1. int i=1,sum=0; sum=0;
2. while(i<=100)
3. { No
i<=100
4. sum=sum+i;
5. i++; Yes

6. } sum=sum+i;

i++;
Control Flows
i=1; i=1;
sum=0; i=1; sum=0;
sum=0;
Yes
i<=100
sum=sum+i; No
i<=100
sum=sum+i;
No
Yes
i++;
i++; sum=sum+i;

i<=100
Yes i++;
No

Goto While
Sum from 1 to 100 (do-while)
i=1;
1. int i=1,sum=0; sum=0;
2. do{
3. sum=sum+i; sum=sum+i;
4. i++;
5. } while (i<=100); i++;

i<=100
Yes
No
Sum from 1 to 100 (for)
i=1;
1. int i,sum; sum=0;
2. for(i=1,sum=0;i<=100;i++)
3. sum=sum+i; No
i<=100

Yes
sum=sum+i;

i++;
break and continue
1. int i; 1. int i;
2. for(i=1;i<=10;i++) 2. for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
3. { 3. {
4. if(i==5)break; 4. if(i==5)continue;
5. printf("%d ",i); 5. printf("%d ",i);
6. } 6. }
Nested Structure
1. int i,j;
2. for(i=0;i<10;i++)
3. {
4. for(j=0;j<i;j++)
5. printf("*");
6. printf("\n");
7. }
In-Class Exercise 2-2
• Write a program that prints the following
diamond shape. Minimize the number of
printf statements.
*
***
*****
*******
*********
*******
*****
***
*

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