44thth year

year

Understanding AR
Concepts,
Process, and Model
Jenelyn T. Peña, EdD
Instructor
 Objectives:
At the end of this learning episode, I must be
able to:

a. Use concepts and processes of action

research
b. Identify sample models of AR such as
DepEd 2017, McNiff and Whitehead, 2006,
& Nelson 2014.
 Clarify your Task
Understanding and Using Action Research Concepts and Processes
The definition of action research evolved over time. There is no singular definition of
action research. Anchored on the idea of inquiry by John Dewey, several other authors have
advanced the concept of action research. Action research is a type of inquiry that is:

1 Practical 2 Theoretical
as it involves making as it informed by theory
changes to the practice. and can generate new
insights.

3 Concerned with change and

improvement.
 Action research has been embraced in education for its value of transforming
school practices by the practitioners themselves. It is used to addressed practical
problems in the classroom. It is a process that allows teachers to study their own
classroom and school setting to improve their effectiveness. Teacher Action
Research (TAR) is a method for educational practitioners (teachers, school
teachers) to engage in the assessment and improvement of their own practice. It is
a tool to help the classroom teachers consider their teaching method or to adopt a
strategy in order to solve everyday problem in the school setting.
Here are some questions and answers that
you need to know:

1. What are the Core Characteristics of AR?

(Titchen, 2015)
 Systematic – like any form of research, it follows a system.
 Rigorous – it has rigor, meaning a strict adherence to the
rule of empirical studies.
 Reflective – it follows a continuous reflection and action.
 Situational – it is more specific to the location (school)
circumstances (teaching and learning, etc.)
 Participative – AR can be participative when teachers and
learners and co-researchers.
* Future-Oriented – it seeks solution to the current problem
for future improvement
Here are some questions and answers that
you need to know:

2. Why is Action Research useful to me as a Teacher Researcher?

 AR can help me to learn how to improve my practice as a
teacher in terms of teaching methods, classroom management,
preparation of the learning environment, developing
instructional materials and assessments.
 AR can help me learn more about a wide range of research
methods that I can use in the future.
 AR can provide me more space to think deeply about the issues
that confront teaching and learning.
 AR can help me engage with my mentors and peers to enable
me to improve my teaching practices through action research.
AR can help me develop new knowledge which is directly related to
my area of specialization.
Here are some questions and answers that
you need to know:

3. What types of classroom action studies that can I

engage in?
 Creating changes in the classroom practices.
Example: What changes will daily writing have on my
schedule?
 Establishing effects of curriculum restructuring.
Example: Will the use of mother tongue enhance the
reading skills of my learners?
 Enhancing new understanding of learners.
Example: What happens when the student get
demotivated?
 Teaching a new process to the students.
Example: How can I teach third graders to do reflection?
 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model
Action Research Key Components Action Research Process

Identifying the Problem

I. CONTEXT AND
1. Why am I doing this?
RATIONALE 2. What is the background of
my action research?
II. ACTION RESEARCH
3. What problem/question am
QUESTIONS I trying to solve?
What do I hope to achieve?
 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model
Action Research Key Components Action Research Process

Proposed Plan:
1. What do I plan as a solution
III. PROPOSED
to the problem I identified?
INNOVATION, (Describe)

INTERVENTION AND 2. What innovation will I

introduce to solve the
STRATEGY problem? (Describe)
What strategy should I introduce?
(Describe)
 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model
Action Research Key Components Action Research Process

Plan of Action Research

IV. ACTION RESEARCH 1. Who are to participate? (My
METHODS students, peers, myself)
a. Participants and/or other
Sources of Data and 2. What are my sources of
Information information? (participants)
b. Data Gathering Methods 3. How shall I gather
c. Data Analysis Plan
information?
How will I analyze my data
information?
 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model
Action Research Key Components Action Research Process

Action Research Work Plan

1. What should my work
V. ACTION plan contain? (targets,
RESEARCH WORK activities, persons
PLAN AND involve, timeline, cost)
TIMELINESS How long will I conduct my
intervention? (for reliable
results 8 to 12 weeks)
 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model
Action Research Key Components Action Research Process

Action Research
VI. COST Cost – (consider also
maximum cost if
ESTIMATES externally funded like
DepEd, LGUs NGO
or personal)
 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model
Action Research Key Components Action Research Process

Sharing Results
VII. Plans For 1. How will I share the results

Dissemination of my action research?

And (Publish, Present, Flyers,

LAC sessions)
Utilization Can I collaborate with other
teachers to continue or
replicate my study?
 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model
Action Research Key Components Action Research Process

VIII. What reading materials

and references are
REFERENCES included in my review
of literature?
 Action research is a dynamic process anchored on Reflection ↔
Action Cycle of Observing, Reflecting, Acting, Evaluating and Modifying.

Figure 1. An Action-Reflection Cycle as Basis for Action Research

Source: McNiff and Whitehead, 2006

Action research is a cyclical, recursive process of

observe >> reflect >> act >> evaluate>> modify >> move in
two directions is known as action-reflection (McNiff and
Whitehead, 2006). In 2011, McNiff defined action
research as a form of inquiry that enables practitioners to
investigate and evaluate their work. Before that, Corey in
1953 viewed action research as recursive or repeated
process, proceeding through spiral cycle of planning,
actions, reflections and changes.
 In the similar vein, Nelson, 2014 proposed an
action research cycle that starts with Observe and
followed by Reflect, Plan and Act which can also go
through evaluation and modification. It is also follows
a cycling process.
Participate You are now ready to participate and assist?
 
and Analyze Understanding fully the concept and the process of Action
Research will enable you to learn and provide the needed
assistance to your teacher mentor in doing Action Research.
 

Notice
1 What concepts have you been emphasized in the tasks
and infographics? Give at least four.
1. __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_.
2. __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_.
3. __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_.
4. __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_.
 
Since the 3 models are all for action research, what are
the common elements of the three?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Analyze
Choose the AR sample Abstract that you submitted in Episode 2.
Analyze the components vis-à-vis only one model out of the 3
presented.

If you choose to compare the Model A-Mcniff & Whitehead, 2006, here
are the components.
Title and Author of the Action Research
Key Components Entry from your sample AR
The Problem
OBSERVE
 
Reflection
REFLECT
 
Plan of Action
PLAN
 
Implementation
ACT
 
Findings
EVALUATE
 
Recommendation
MODIFY
 
 Analyze
Choose the AR sample Abstract that you submitted in Episode 2.
Analyze the components vis-à-vis only one model out of the 3
presented.

If you choose to compare the Model B-Nelson, O.,

2014, here are the components.
Title and Author of the Action Research
Key Components Entry from your sample AR
The Problem
OBSERVE  
Reflection
REFLECT  
Plan of Action
PLAN  
Implementation
ACT  
 Analyze
Choose the AR sample Abstract that you submitted in Episode 2.
Analyze the components vis-à-vis only one model out of the 3
presented.
Or if you choose the DepEd Model, 2017, here are the components.
Title and Author: (the same as your entry in Model A)
Key Components Entry from your sample AR
Study Background
I. Context and Rationale  
AR Questions
II. Action Research Question  
III. Proposed Innovation, Intervention Describe Innovation/Intervention Strategy
Strategy
Describe Action Research Method
IV. Action Research Methods
a. Participants/Other source of Data
b. Data Gathering Methods
c. Data Analysis Plan
Summarize Action Research Work Plan
V. Action Research Work Plan  
Write cost estimates
VI. Cost Estimates  
VII. Plans For Dissemination And Describe how the results will be shared
Utilization  
Write at least 3 references
VIII. References  
Reflect
As a future teacher, is conducting Action Research worth
doing?
_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________.
 
Why?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
________________________________.
 
How can AR be useful for every classroom teacher?
_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________.
Observe
Remembering my classroom observations in FS 1, I noticed
that there are many questions that I raised my mind. These
include:
a. ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________.
b. ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________.
c. ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________.
Reflect
Thinking deeply about these problems, perhaps something
must have been done to solve the problem or answer the
question, like:
a. ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________.
b. ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________.
c. ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________.
 Plan

Now that I am in FS 2, I plan to make a plan for

my solution to problem (choose from a, b, c)
because________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________.
Act

My action will come later, given enough

time in FS 2, or during my Teaching
Internship.
 RESOURCES
1.Corpuz, B. et.al (2021). Field Study 2
Participation and Assistantship.
Lorimar Publishing Inc., Quezon, City
2.Brawner and Caubic, (2019). Field Study
2 Participation and Assistantship.
Adriana Publishing Company, Quezon,
City