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A+ Guide To Managing and Maintaining Your PC: Introducing Hardware

This chapter of the guide provides an overview of the major hardware components of a personal computer. It discusses how hardware and software work together, with hardware being the physical parts and software providing the instructions. It then describes the various components inside and outside the computer case, including the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, ports, expansion slots, electrical system, and chips that store instructions. The chapter aims to give readers an initial understanding of how computer hardware functions at a basic level.

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53 views

A+ Guide To Managing and Maintaining Your PC: Introducing Hardware

This chapter of the guide provides an overview of the major hardware components of a personal computer. It discusses how hardware and software work together, with hardware being the physical parts and software providing the instructions. It then describes the various components inside and outside the computer case, including the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, ports, expansion slots, electrical system, and chips that store instructions. The chapter aims to give readers an initial understanding of how computer hardware functions at a basic level.

Uploaded by

saf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 49

A+ Guide to Managing

and Maintaining Your PC


Fifth Edition

Chapter 1
Introducing Hardware
You Will Learn…
 That a computer requires both hardware and
software to work

 About the many different hardware


components inside and connected to a
computer

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 2


Hardware Needs Software to
Work
 Hardware
 Physical components of a computer
 Visible part of a system
 Software
 Set of instructions that directs hardware to
accomplish a task
 The intelligence

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 3


Functions of a Computer

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Binary Communication Between
Hardware and Software

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 5


PC Hardware Components
 Outside computer case: input/output devices
 Inside the case: processing and storage
 CPU – most important component
 Requirements of a hardware device
 Method for CPU to communicate with it
 Software to instruct and control it
 Electricity to power it
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 6
Hardware Used for Input and
Output
 Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial,
parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)
 Popular input devices:
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Popular output devices:
 Monitor
 Printer

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 7


Ports

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Input Devices

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Output Devices

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Hardware Inside the Case

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Motherboard Components
 Processing  Communication with
 CPU (most important) other devices
 Chip set  Traces
 Temporary storage  Expansion slots
 RAM
 System clock
 Cache memory  Programming/setup data
 Electrical system  Flash ROM
 Power supply
 CMOS setup chip
connections

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The Motherboard

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The Motherboard (continued)

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The CPU

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The Chip Set
 Controls most activities on the motherboard

 Includes several device controllers


 USB controller

 Memory controller

 IDE controller

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The Chip Set (continued)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 17


Storage Devices
 Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
 Temporarily holds data and instructions while
processing them
 Faster to access than permanent storage

 Permanent (secondary storage)


 Data and instructions must be copied into primary
storage (RAM) for processing

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 18


Primary Storage Devices
 Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and
other circuit boards
 Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
 Types of boards that hold memory chips
 SIMMs
 DIMMs
 RIMMs

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RAM Chips

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Types of RAM Modules

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Secondary Storage Devices
 Hard drives

 CD-ROM drives

 DVD drives

 Zip drives

 Floppy drives
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Hard Drive

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EIDE Technology
 Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives,
and DVD drives

 Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on


one system

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IDE Connectors on a
Motherboard

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IDE Connectors on a
Motherboard (continued)

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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

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Hard Drive’s Power Supply

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Floppy Drive Connection

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Floppy Drive Connection
(continued)

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CD-ROM Drive Connection

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Motherboard Components Used for
Communication Among Devices
 The data bus
 System of pathways used for communication and
the protocol and methods used for transmission

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The Bus and Bus Lines

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Data Bus

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System Clock

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Clock Speed
 Of motherboard
 Measured in megahertz (MHz)

 Of CPU
 Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 36


Expansion Slots

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Types of Expansion Slots

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Interface (Expansion) Cards

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Interface (Expansion) Cards
(continued)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 40


The Electrical System
 Power supply
 Most important component of computer’s
electrical system

 Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the


computer can handle

 Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage


to cool inside of computer case

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 41


The Electrical System (continued)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 42


The Electrical System (continued)

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Instructions Stored on the
Motherboard
 ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
 System BIOS

 Startup BIOS

 CMOS setup

 Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and


Plug and Play technologies
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ROM BIOS Chip

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Motherboard Configuration
Settings
 CMOS chip
 Stores setup (configuration) information

 Powered by a battery on motherboard when power


is off

 Setup information can also be set by jumpers


and DIP switches

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 46


CMOS Configuration Chip

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Setting Jumpers

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Summary
 Introduction to hardware components of a
computer system

 Initial insight into how hardware works

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 49

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