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Analyzing Different Types of Antennae in Insects

The document discusses types of antennae in insects. It describes the basic segments - scape, pedicel, and flagellum. The pedicel contains Johnston's organ, which is a sensory structure. Different types of antennae are classified based on the shape of the flagellum, including aristate, moniliform, unipectinate, bipectinate, and stylate antennae. Special sensory features of insects like vision, smell, touch and taste are also outlined.

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Vahin Rajput
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286 views25 pages

Analyzing Different Types of Antennae in Insects

The document discusses types of antennae in insects. It describes the basic segments - scape, pedicel, and flagellum. The pedicel contains Johnston's organ, which is a sensory structure. Different types of antennae are classified based on the shape of the flagellum, including aristate, moniliform, unipectinate, bipectinate, and stylate antennae. Special sensory features of insects like vision, smell, touch and taste are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Vahin Rajput
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AMITY INSTITUTE OF
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
BSc Ag, Semester-3
Introductory Entomology
Types of Antennae in insects
Dr. Chitranjan Kumar Sharma
1
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 Antennae (singular: antenna), sometimes referred to as


"feelers", are paired appendages used for sensing in
arthropods.
 Functions may variously include sensing touch, air motion,
heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or taste.
 Antennae are sometimes modified for other purposes, such
as mating, brooding (deep-thought making sad, angry or
worried), swimming, and even anchoring the arthropod to a
substrate.
 Crustaceans bear two pairs of antennae. The pair attached
to the first segment of the head - primary antennae or
antennules. The pair attached to the second segment are
called secondary antennae or simply antennae.
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 The three basic segments of the typical insect antenna


are the scape or scapus (base), the pedicel or
pedicellus (stem), and finally the flagellum, which
often comprises many units known as flagellomeres.
The pedicel (the second segment) contains the
Johnston's organ which is a collection of sensory
cells.

 Olfactory receptors (Odorant receptors) on the


antennae bind to free-floating molecules, such as water
vapour, and odours including pheromones.
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Johnston's organ is a collection of sensory cells found in the


pedicel (the second segment) of the antennae in the class Insecta.
Detects motion in the flagellum (third and typically final antennal
segment). It consists of scolopidia arrayed in a bowl shape, each of
which contains a mechanosensory chordotonal neuron. In
homopterans, the Johnston's organs contain 25 - 79 scolopidia. The
presence of Johnston's organ is a defining characteristic which
separates the class Insecta from the other hexapods belonging to
the group Entognatha. Johnston's organ was named after the
physician Christopher Johnston.
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Aristate (A leaf shape): The final segment is


typically enlarged, and has a conspicuous dorsal
bristle known as the arista. E.g.: Syrphid fly.
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There are many segments that are more or less equal in size.
Dragonflies, Grasshoppers and Crickets, Book Lice, Biting Lice,
Scorpion Flies and Beetles.
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Moniliform: (Beaded) Segments are either globular or spherical with


prominent constriction in between e.g. Termite.
Unipectinate: (Comb like) Segments with long
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slender processes on one side e.g. Sawfly
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Bipectinate: (Double comb like) Segments with long slender lateral processes
on both the sides e.g. Silkworm moth
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Stylate: Terminal segment


bear a style like process eg.
Horse fly, Robber fly.
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• Special sensory features of insects


• Some butterflies have simple eyes on their ovipositor to help
them know where to lay their eggs: they can see with their
behind!
• A male mosquito can tell the difference between a female who is
looking for a mate and one who has already laid her eggs by
listening to her wingbeat!
• Ticks, lice and other bloodsuckers often locate their hosts by
detecting CO2 – they can smell you breathing!
• Male Cercropia moths can smell a female from miles away, then
track her in the dark of night!
• Ants can tell their relatives apart from intruders and workers
apart from their queen by smell. They even detect dead ants by
smell – if you paint dead-ant smell on a live worker, its
nestmates will try to bury it!
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• Cockroaches have special “tails” called cerci that are sensitive to


the slightest touch. They can feel the puff of air from your foot
about to stomp them and run away!
• The hand is quicker than the fly? Flies can see much faster
movements than people can – that’s why they’re so hard to
swat.
• Orb-weaving spiders have an amazingly sensitive sense of
touch. They use the vibrations from their webs to locate not only
where an object is, but whether it’s a twig, an intruder, or a meal,
and what species it is! (*Note: spiders are not insects; they are
arachnids.)
• Most insects and spiders taste with their feet. That is why flies
like to walk around on your food. It also means spiders don’t
want to be on you – you taste too salty! So if a spider
accidentally walks on you, don’t squash her; help her off.
• Ever wonder why butterflies are so colorful? Many butterflies and
moths can see far more colors than we can – up to five times as
many!
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• Insect ears are all over the place! For example, grasshoppers have
ears on their knees, praying mantises have them on their bellies, and
mosquitoes have them at the base of their antennae.
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