Evolution of microprocessor
INDEX
• Introduction
• ENIAC
• First Generation
• Second Generation
• Third Generation
• Fourth Generation
• Fifth Generation
INTRODUCTION
• English mathematician Charles Babbage first man to basic principle of modern computers from 1792-1871 – also father of modern
computers
• 1930 – general purpose mechanical computer was developed
• 1944 – prof. H. Alken – first practical electro mechanical digital computer in collaboration with IBM – called as HAWARD MARK-I
• (1936-1944) - Konard joos – German – developed computer based on 0’s and 1’s rather than decimals numbers, so developed
computers making use of relays(on-off for 1’s and 0’s)
• 1945 – john j Maunchy & J. Presper Eckert Of university of Pennsylvania – developed first electronic computer – ENIAC(Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
• (1940 – 1955) – computers with vacuum tubes are developed.
• 1948 – invention of semiconductor transistors – by Bell laboratory – advantages of reduced size and increased capability also leads
to reduction of cost.
• 1958 – Jack Kilby – Texas instrument – invented of integrated circuits – advantages of small size computers, become more versatile
• 1971 - developed first microprocessor INTEL 4004 – Marcian E. Hoff – Intel Coporation – 4 bit MP
ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
• Too huge weighing 30 tons & occupied area 30’ x 50’
• 1800 vacuum tubes, 30,000 registers, 10,000 capacitors & 6000 switches
• 200 (mui) S for addition, 3mS for 10-digit multiplication.
• Separate memory for program and data
• 20 electronic accumulators(A) for memory
• (A) stores 10 digit decimal numbers
• Required of frequent maintenance
FIRST GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR
• Developed by intel corporation – Marcian E. Hoff 4-bit Mp 8-bit Mp
• Used integrated circuits INTEL 4004 INTEL 8008
INTEL 4040 NATIONAL IMP-8
• First MP is INTEL 4004 in 1971
FAIRCHILD PPS-25 ROCKWELL PPS-8
• Programmable controller on a chip
ROCKWELL PPS-4 AMI 7200
• Fabricated using PMOS technology
NATIONAL IMP-4 MOSTEK 5065
• PMOS technology gave low cost but low speed and not compatible with
TTL(Transistor Transistor Logic)
• 1972 – INTEL 8008 -intel introduced PMOS technology first 8-bit
microprocessor
SECOND GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR
• 1973 – NMOS technology offered
8-bit Mp
• Adv. : faster speed, higher density, reliability
INTEL 8008
• 1974 – developed INTEL 8080 – with NMOS tech
INTEL 8085
• Compatible with TTL
• FAIRCHILD F8
2 additional devices to design functional CPU
• 8080 – 64K bytes memory, 8008 – 16K bytes memory MOTOROLA M6800
• 1977 – 8-bit MP – 8085 – intel corporation MOSTEK 5065
• Adv. of 8085 – internal clock generator, internal system controller and higher clock frequency
ZILOG Z-80
• ADVANTAGES :
• 40 pins SIGNETICS 2650
• More no: of on-chip decoded timing signals
• Ability to address more I/O Ports
• More Powerful instruction set
• Faster operation
• Better Interrupt handling capabilities
THIRD GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR
• Introduces in 1978
• 16 bit microprocessors, designed HMOS (High density MOS) Tech
16-bit Microprocessors
• Offers better speed & packing density than NMOS
INTEL 8086 MOTOROLA-68000 INTERSIL 6100
• 1978-16-bit INTEL 8086 – 64 pins – 1979 – 16-bit INTEL 8088
INTEL 8088 MOTOROLA-68010 TOSHIBA TLCS-12
• Memory addressing capacity increased to 1MB to 16 MB
INTEL 80186 NATIONAL IMP-8 ZILOG Z-8000
• Features:
• MP’s were 40/48/64 pins
TEXAS INSTRUMENT
• High speed & very strong processing capability INTEL 80286
TMS – 99000
• Easy to program
• Allow dynamic re-locatable programs
• Size of internal registers were 8/16/32 bits
• Physical m/y space – 1-16 MB, flexible 10 port address
• More powerful interrupt & hardware capabilities
• Segmented address and virtual memory features
FOURTH GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR
• 32 bit microprocessors 32-bit Microprocessors
• 1985 – 80386 & 1989 – 80486
INTEL 80386 MOTOROLA M-68020
• 80386 MP is compatible with 8086, 8088, 80386
INTEL 80486 MOTOROLA M-68030
• 80386 executes many instructions in 2 clock cycles – 80486 executes 1 clock
• Low versions of HMOS is used
NATIONAL NS16022 BELLMAC - 32
MOTOROLA MC 88100
FIFTH GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR
• 1993 - INTEL corporation – PENTIUM with 64 data bus
• Introductory Pentium versions operates with a clock frequency 60 MHz and 66 MHz
and speed of 110 MIPS(Million instructions Per Second)
• 804866 executes 54 million instruction per sec.
SIXTH GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR
• 1995 - INTEL corporation – PENTIUM PRO PROCESSOR 64-bit Microprocessors
PENTIUM INTEL DUAL CORE
• Contains 21 million transistors, 3 integer units and floating unit to increase the
PENTIUM PRO INTEL CORE 2
performance of most software
PENTIUM II INTEL CORE i3
• Basic clock frequency is 150 MHz and 166 MHz
PENTIUM III INTEL CORE i5
PENTIUM IV INTEL CORE i7
Thank you
