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IPv4 Addressing

IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol addressing schemes. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in decimal as four numbers between 0-255 separated by dots. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses can be public, routable on the internet, or private for internal networks. Common address types include unicast for one-to-one communication, multicast for one-to-many, and link local addresses for local network communication.

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264 views

IPv4 Addressing

IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol addressing schemes. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in decimal as four numbers between 0-255 separated by dots. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses can be public, routable on the internet, or private for internal networks. Common address types include unicast for one-to-one communication, multicast for one-to-many, and link local addresses for local network communication.

Uploaded by

MIHAYA M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IP Addressing

IPv4 Address
• An Internet protocol address is a protocol used to
communicate packet of data across a network.
• IPv4 is controlled by IANA.
• Unique address.
• 32-bit logical address.
• IP address have four segment.
• Represented in decimal form.
• Each octet have 8 bit.
• Each octet have a range in between 0-255.
• E.g. 192.168.10.5.
• Each octet is separated with dot operator(Dotted decimal).
IPv4 Structure
class 1st octet Decimal Network ID(N)/ Default Subnet
range Host ID(H) mask
A 1-126 N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0
B 128-191 N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0
C 192-223 N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0
D 224-239 Reserved for multicast
E 240-254 Reserved for Broadcast
Decimal to Binary Conversion
The Simplest method of converting between decimal and binary is to remember
the following table.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Example

Convert a decimal number 172 to binary

128+32+8+4=172

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

The binary equivalent for the given decimal number 172 is


10101100
Binary to Decimal Conversion

 Converting from binary back to decimal is even simpler.


 Apply the binary number to the conversion table.
 Add up any columns with binary number bits set to 1.
 Consider the binary number 11110001.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

 128+64+32+16+1=241
Static and Dynamic IP address

Static IP address:

• These are the IP address to host device manually


• Static IP address are fixed

Dynamic Address:

• These are the IP addresses provided to host


devices automatically
• These IP address are assigned with the help of a
protocol called DHCP
Private and Public IP Address
Private IP Address:

 IP Address which are assigned to a Local Area Network(LAN).


 Private IP are non purchasable

Private IP Range:
Class A 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

Class B 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

Class C 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255


Public IP Address:

Public IP are purchasable

Used for Wide Area Network(WAN)

A public IP address is an IP address that can be


accessed directly over the internet 

Assigned to the network router by the internet


service provider (ISP)
SPECIAL IP’S
 127.0.0.0 is a loopback address or self ping(Packet Internet
Groper)address to check the net connectivity

 To check Start->Run->cmd->ping “IP address of other


device”

 To check NIC(Network Interface Controller) working

 Start->Run->cmd->ping 127.0.0.1

 169.254.0.0 is a APIPA(Automatic Private IP Addressing)


CIDR

 CIDR is a simplest method of representing a subnet mask.

 CIDR Identifies the number of binary bit to 1 or ON in subnet


mask

 Class A - /8

 Class B - /16

 Class C - /24
SUBNETTING
 Making subnets from a parent network is called subnetting.

 It is used to implement security in a network rather than


implementing.

 For that to create subnet works under one parent network.

 Avoid IP wastage.

 Implements networks security.

 Avoid networks traffic.

 Simplified administration through network.


SUBNET MASK

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 128
2 1 1 192
3 1 1 1 224
4 1 1 1 1 240
5 1 1 1 1 1 248
6 1 1 1 1 1 1 252
7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 254
8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255
Class-c Subnetting(1-bit)
N N N H
10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

 STEP-1

• No. of Moved bit m=1

 STEP-2

• No. of Subnet works 2^m=2

 STEP-3

• No .of Host per Subnet work


• (2^n)-2
• 2^7-2
• 128-2
• 126

 STEP-4

• New Subnet Mask

• 255.255.255.128

 STEP-5

• BLOCK SIZE/INCREMENT VALUE


• 2^8 – Change in subnet mask
• 256-128
• 128
N/W ADDRESS B/C ADDRESS

192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.127

192.168.1.128/25 192.168.1.255/25
IPv6 OVERVIEW

 IPv6 is the Newest version of the IP protocol.

 It was Developed to overcome deficiencies of IPv4.

 Large address space.

 Enhanced Security.
IPv6 ADDRESS FORMATE
 An IPv6 Address is 128 bits long.

 Much larger than a 32-bit IPv4 Address.

 IPv6 uses EIGHT GROUP of four Hexa Decimal Digits


separated by COLONS.

 Example:-

2340:0023:AABA:0A01:0055:5054:9BAC:DDCE
IPv6 ADDRESSING SHORTENING
 There are two conversions that can help to shorten IPv6
Address.

1. A Leading Zero can be omitted.

Example:-
2340:0023:AABA:0A01:0055:5054:9BAC:DDCA

 The given IPv6 Address can be shortened into:-


2340:23:AABA:A01:55:5054:9BAC:DDCA
2.Successive fields of zero can be Represented as
Two Colon(::)

Example

1454:0045:0000:0000:4140:0141:0055:ABBB

Can be shortened as:-

1454::4140:141:55:AABB
IPV6 COMMUNICATION TYPES
UNICAST:

One to One Transmission

Types:-

1.Global Unicast-Public range


2.Unique Local-Private range
3.Link Local-APIPA

MULTI-CAST:

One to Many Transmission.

ANY CAST:

One to nearest Transmission


SPECIAL IP

Loop back Address ::01 or ::1

Invalid IP-0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 or ::

Multi cast – FF80::

Link local – FE80::

Global Unicast – 2000::

Unique local – FC00::

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