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2 Language of Mathematics Lecture

This document discusses the language of mathematics. It defines mathematical language as a formal system of signs and symbols with rules for formation and transformation. The key aspects of mathematical language covered are its precise, concise and powerful nature for communicating ideas through numbers, sets, functions, operations and symbols. Examples are given of commonly used symbols and differences between English and mathematical grammar and notions are outlined. Exercises are included to check understanding of identifying mathematical expressions versus sentences and the meaning of "is" in sentences.

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gweychol
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94 views

2 Language of Mathematics Lecture

This document discusses the language of mathematics. It defines mathematical language as a formal system of signs and symbols with rules for formation and transformation. The key aspects of mathematical language covered are its precise, concise and powerful nature for communicating ideas through numbers, sets, functions, operations and symbols. Examples are given of commonly used symbols and differences between English and mathematical grammar and notions are outlined. Exercises are included to check understanding of identifying mathematical expressions versus sentences and the meaning of "is" in sentences.

Uploaded by

gweychol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2 The Language

Language of
and Symbols
Mathematics

Oscar M. Duhay Jr.


GE Math I - Instructor

1
Learning Outcomes
+ analyze information and the relationship between statements;

+ familiarize logical operators;

+ construct the truth table to evaluate whether a given statement


is a tautology or not.
Guess
who?
Guess
who?
Guess
who?
Guess
who?
What
is a
language?
What is a language?
A system of communication which consists of sounds and written
symbols which are used by the people for talking or writing.
- Collins English Dictionary

A formal system of signs and symbols including rules for the formation
and transformation of admissible expressions.
- Merriam Webster Dictionary
What
is language
For?
What is language for?

To communicate our expression, feelings, thoughts and ideas to


others.
Mathematical language
Mathematics is a language that is understood throughout the
world.

It is also used in expressing and communicating ideas to others


without the burden of translating such to different languages.
Mathematical Language is designed for:
1. Numbers
2. Sets
3. Functions
4. Operations
Commonly used symbols in mathematics:
1. Numbers
2.Arithmetic Operations
3. Variables
4. Inequalities
5. Set Operations
6. Logical Symbols
7. Other Symbols
numbers sets
1. N = {1, 2, 3, …} the set of natural numbers
2. W = {0, 1, 2, 3, …} the set of whole numbers
3. Z = {…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …} the set of integers
4. Q = the set of rational numbers
5. Q’ = the set of irrational numbers
6. R = the set of real numbers
7. C = the set of complex numbers
Number Sets

15
Characteristics of mathematical language
PRECISE – able to make very fine distinction based on
definition. Ex. A square is different to a circle based on definition

CONCISE – able to say things briefly by means of symbols.


Ex. “Twice the number eight is sixteen” -> 2 x 8 - 16

POWERFUL – able to express complex thought with relative


ease. Ex. “2 + 4” means we add 2 to 4 to get 6.
English language VS mathematical
language
English Language Mathematical Language

NOUN/ PHRASE MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION


Ex: Maria, Pedro’s dog, big eyes Ex: 2 + 5, x – 4, 2x + 3y

SENTENCE MATHEMATICAL SENTENCE


Ex: Maria is beautiful. Ex: 2 + 5 = 7
My province is Iloilo. x–4=0
Pedro has a dig named Bantay. 2x + 3y = -5
English language VS mathematical
language
English Mathematics
Symbols English alphabet and English alphabet, Numerals, Greek
punctuations letters, grouping symbols, special
symbols
Name Noun Expression
Complete Sentence Sentence
thought
Action Verbs Operations and other actions (simplify,
rationalize, etc)
What’s in a Verbs Equality, inequality, membership I a set,
sentence etc
Attribute of a Fact or fiction True or false
sentence
Convention in the mathematics language
Convention is a general agreement about basic principles
accepted as true.
- Miriam Webster Dictionary

Mathematical Expression Mathematical Sentence

A correct arrangement of Mathematical A correct arrangement of Mathematical


symbols used to represent a symbols that states a complete
Mathematical object of interest and it thought.
does not state a complete thought
Grammar in mathematical language
1. The word “is” could mean equality, inequality or membership
in a set depending on how they are used in a sentence.

Example: 10 is 2 times 5. Equality


10 is greater than 3. Inequality
10 is a natural number. Membership
Grammar in mathematical language
2. A number in a sentence may be of cardinal, ordinal or nominal
type.

Example: My phone number is 3291428. Nominal


I have 3 dogs in our house. Cardinal
Ana is 1st place in the contest. Ordinal
Grammar in mathematical language
3. The words “and” and “or” mean differently in Mathematics from its
English use.

4. Mathematical objects may be represented in many ways such


as sets and functions.
Notions in the mathematical language
1. Synonyms

2. The importance of truth

3. Conventions and syntax

4. Definitions and undefined terms

5. Simplicity and elegance


Notions in the mathematical language
1. Synonyms
English: happy - glad

Math: 5 = 6 -1
5 = 10/2
5 = 23 - 3
Notions in the mathematical language
2. The importance of truth
English: The word cat begins with letter “k.”
CPU is a Christian institution.

Math: s + 7 = 7 + s
m–5=5–m
x= 1
Notions in the mathematical language
3. Conventions and syntax
Notions in the mathematical language
4. Definitions
Definition of even number “a”
A = 2n, n Ɛ Z.

Point – that which has no dimension

Quadrilateral – geometric figure on a plane that has four


sides
Notions in the mathematical language
5. Simplicity and elegance
Prove that the product of two even numbers is even.
Solution:
Let a = 2n and b = 2m, where n,mεZ
ab = (2n)(2m)
ab = 4nm
ab = 2(2nm)
ab = 2k where 2nm = kεZ
Therefore, the product of two even
numbers is even.
Check your progress
Exercise 1:Identify the following if it is English Noun/ Phrase,
Mathematical Expression, English or Mathematical Sentence.

1. 3x
2. computer
3. 5 – 7 = 4
4. I was born on November 21, 2000.
5. a2 = c2 – b2
Check your progress
Exercise 2:Identify the word” is” in the following sentence is an Equality,
Inequality or Membership.

1. X + x is equal to 2x.
2. -2 is a negative integer.
3. 0 is greater than -10.
4. Four is 2 more than twice 1.
5. One-half is a rational number.
Check your progress
Exercise 3:Identify whether the number in each item is Cardinal, Ordinal
or Nominal.

1. He won 2nd prize in the raffle.


2. He lives 3 blocks away from here.
3. His house code is H-505.
4. There are 3 children in the park.
5. They ranked 1st in the band battle.
Thank
you
For

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