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(Refrigeration System)

The document summarizes a study on designing a low-cost solar-powered refrigerator using thermoelectric cooling. It describes how a peltier device powered by a solar panel and battery can generate a cooling effect to refrigerate items. The system aims to provide an affordable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refrigerators that release greenhouse gases. Key components include a peltier plate, heat sink, solar panel, battery, and voltage regulator. While thermoelectric refrigerators have benefits like compact size and noise reduction, their coefficient of performance is generally lower than conventional refrigerators. Applications include temperature control systems, food storage, and lab instruments.

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Mohd Younus
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161 views17 pages

(Refrigeration System)

The document summarizes a study on designing a low-cost solar-powered refrigerator using thermoelectric cooling. It describes how a peltier device powered by a solar panel and battery can generate a cooling effect to refrigerate items. The system aims to provide an affordable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refrigerators that release greenhouse gases. Key components include a peltier plate, heat sink, solar panel, battery, and voltage regulator. While thermoelectric refrigerators have benefits like compact size and noise reduction, their coefficient of performance is generally lower than conventional refrigerators. Applications include temperature control systems, food storage, and lab instruments.

Uploaded by

Mohd Younus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECT REVIEW

STUDY ON LOW - COST REFRIGERATION


SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


ABSTRACT

• In Today’s world global warming is being increasing year by year. There are many reasons like pollution,
deforestation, water contamination, etc...In coming years the major problem before us is depletion of ozone layer
which is caused by the release of CFC’s. Some of the equipment which causes this effect is refrigerators, AC’s. In
this project we are mainly focusing on a solution to control this problem we have focused on refrigerators which
releases CFC’s. Here we are designing a mini solar based refrigerator which is cheaper as well as eco-friendly.

• In this project we are using solar panels for charging a Lead Acid Battery (12V, 1.2 Amp hrs), a peltier
thermoelectric device when connected to battery generates cool effect and hot effects depending on the mode
required by the user. Since we are using this for fridge we need only cool mode. A peltier thermoelectric device is
connected to the battery to generate cooling effect. We need to display the voltage for that we are using ADC0808
which is given to the controller. For this ADC we are giving a clock pulses through 555 timers to perform its
operation.
INTRODUCTION
•Thermoelectric cooling uses the peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different
types of materials.

•A peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which


transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy,
depending on the direction of the current, such an instrument is also called a peltier device, peltier
heat pump, solid state refrigerator, or thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and occasionally
a thermoelectric battery.

•It can be used either for heating or for cooling, although in practice the main application is
cooling. it can also be used as a temperature controller that either heats or cools.
SYNOPSIS

Our objective is to study a “Solar Refrigeration System". Conversion of electrical


energy into temperature gradient is Peltier effect. Modules are manufactured from
alternative semiconductor materials. It is based on photo-voltaic or solar modules.
LITERATURE REVIEW

• The available literature shows that thermoelectric cooling systems are


generally only around 5–15% as efficient compared to 40–60% achieved
by conventional compression cooling system.
SUBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

•Non-conventional cooling systems have found wide range of


applications to meet the energy requirements of the present and
future.

•This paper presents a review of thermoelectric cooling/ heating


systems and their applicability in various sectors. It explores the
fundamentals of thermoelectric cooling/ heating and its applications
DESCRIPTION
A thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is a small cooling device that relies on a Peltier
junction. Composed of two conductors made of different materials, a Peltier
junction (discovered in 1833 by J.C. Peltier) acts as a heat pump which can
cool or warm when current is passed through it.

The small size of the TEC allows precision thermal control of individual
components such as fiber optic laser drivers, precision voltage references, or
any other temperature critical device. Temperature-critical components are
integrated with a TEC and a temperature monitor into a single thermally-
engineered module.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Thermoelectric coolers operate by the Peltier effect (one of three phenomena that make up the
thermoelectric effect).
• The device has two sides, and when a DC electric current flows through the device, it brings
heat from one side to the other, so that one side gets cooler while the other gets hotter.
• The “hot” side is attached to a heat sink so that it remains at ambient temperature, while the
cool side goes below room temperature.
• In special applications, multiple coolers can be cascaded together for lower temperature, but
overall efficiency (COP) drops significantly.
• The maximum COP of any refrigeration cycle is ultimately limited by the difference between
the desired (cold side) and ambient (hot side) temperature (the temperature of the heat sink).
• The higher the temperature difference (delta), the lower the maximum theoretical COP.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

SOLAR
PANNEL

REFRIGERATION
BATTERY UNIT

This water is cooled / heated by the principle of see beck effect.

The combination of n-type and p-type semiconductors thus constitutes


a photo-voltaic cell or solar cell.
REFRIGRATION LAYOUT
LIST OF COMPONENTS
The main working components in a thermoelectric refrigeration system are

Refrigerator Body
Peltier Plate/Cold Junction
DC Blower
Heat Sink
DC Power Source
Voltage regulator
Solar Panel
ADVANTAGES
• An interchange of heating and cooling process can be exercised just by
reversing the polarity
• Simple and few components are required
• No movable components
• No noise pollution
• Suitable for low capacity
• There is no frictional elements present in the system
• There is no coolant is required
• Weight of the system is very less & Compact in size
• It is portable
DISADVANTAGES

• Low Coefficient of Performance (COP)

• It is not suitable for large applications


APPLICATION’S

• Temperature controls in missiles and space system


• Refrigerator
• Laboratory Instruments
• Temperature Baths
• It is used for storing food items
• It is also used for storing cool drinks
CONCLUSION

It was concluded that performance of thermoelectric refrigerator depends


on temperature ratio of heat sink to cool the space.

When temperature ratio is too large to stage thermoelectric refrigerator is


observed to be superior than single stage by both parameters i.e. maximum
value of COP and maximum rate of refrigeration.
REFERENCES

• PCB Heaven – Peltier Elements Explained”. PCB Heaven. PCB Heaven.


Retrieved 1 May 2013

• Ghoshal, Uttam (2001-07-31). ”Highly reliable thermoelectric cooling apparatus


and method”. Patents.google.com. Retrieved 2019-03-12
THANK YOU…

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