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Embedded Systems Programming: Prof. Dr. Hassan Alansary

This document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. Microprocessors are the central processing units used in computers, requiring external memory and I/O components. Microcontrollers contain a processor along with internal memory and I/O on a single chip, making them smaller, cheaper, and suitable for compact embedded systems that run on batteries. Common applications of microprocessors include computers, while microcontrollers are often used in devices like phones, appliances, and industrial equipment.

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Abdallah Adel
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60 views

Embedded Systems Programming: Prof. Dr. Hassan Alansary

This document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. Microprocessors are the central processing units used in computers, requiring external memory and I/O components. Microcontrollers contain a processor along with internal memory and I/O on a single chip, making them smaller, cheaper, and suitable for compact embedded systems that run on batteries. Common applications of microprocessors include computers, while microcontrollers are often used in devices like phones, appliances, and industrial equipment.

Uploaded by

Abdallah Adel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Embedded Systems

Programming

Prof. Dr. Hassan Alansary

Lecture 3
microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
Microprocessor Microcontroller
Microprocessor is the heart of Computer system. Micro Controller is the heart of an embedded system.

It is only a processor, so memory and I/O components need to be connected externally Micro Controller has a processor along with internal memory and I/O components.

Memory and I/O has to be connected externally, so the circuit becomes large. Memory and I/O are already present, and the internal circuit is small.
You can’t use it in compact systems You can use it in compact systems.
Cost of the entire system is high Cost of the entire system is low
Due to external components, the total power consumption is high. Therefore, it is not As external components are low, total power consumption is less. So it can be used
ideal for the devices running on stored power like batteries. with devices running on stored power like batteries.
Most of the microprocessors do not have power saving features. Most of the microcontrollers offer power-saving mode.
It is mainly used in personal computers. It is used mainly in a washing machine, MP3 players, and embedded systems.
Microprocessor has a smaller number of registers, so more operations are memory-
Microcontroller has more register. Hence the programs are easier to write.
based.
Microprocessors are based on Von Neumann model Micro controllers arc based on Harvard architecture
It is a byproduct of the development of microprocessors with a CPU along with other
It is a central processing unit on a single silicon-based integrated chip.
peripherals.

It has no RAM, ROM, Input-Output units, timers, and other peripherals on the chip. It has a CPU along with RAM, ROM, and other peripherals embedded on a single chip.

It uses an external bus to interface to RAM, ROM, and other peripherals. It uses an internal controlling bus.
Microprocessor-based systems can run at a very high speed because of the technology Microcontroller based systems run up to 200MHz or more depending on the
involved. architecture.
It’s used for general purpose
It’s used for application-specific systems.
applications that allow you to handle loads of data.
It’s complex and expensive, with a large number of instructions to process. It’s simple and inexpensive with less number of instructions to process.
Applications of Microprocessor
Microprocessors are mainly used in devices like:
•Calculators
•Accounting system
•Games machine
•Complex industrial controllers
•Traffic light
•Control data
•Military applications Applications of Microcontroller
•Defense systems Microcontrollers are mainly used in devices like:
•Computation systems •Mobile phones
•Automobiles
•CD/DVD players
•Washing machines
•Cameras
•Security alarms
•Keyboard controllers
•Microwave oven
•Watches
•Mp3 players
Pipelining
• is a technique where multiple instructions are overlapped during execution. Pipeline is divided
into stages and these stages are connected with one another to form a pipe like structure.
Instructions enter from one end and exit from another end.
• Pipelining increases the overall instruction throughput.
• In pipeline system, each segment consists of an input register followed by a combinational
circuit. The register is used to hold data and combinational circuit performs operations on it.
The output of combinational circuit is applied to the input register of the next segment.
Pipelining Scheme
Xfer: Parallel data transfer

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