Microprocessor Systems

and
Interfacing

• String manipulation
• Instructions CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

Slides courtesy:
1. Book ‘The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture,
Programming and Interfacing” , 7ed, by Barry B. Brey
2. http://www.pcpolytechnic.com/computer/ppt/micro/Chap
%203_1.pptx
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

 String : Sequence of bytes or words

 8086 and above instruction set includes instruction for string movement,
comparison, scan, load and store.

 REP instruction prefix : used to repeat execution of string instructions

 String instructions end with S or SB or SW.

S represents string, SB string byte and SW string word.

 Offset or effective address of the source operand is stored in SI register and

that of the destination operand is stored in DI register.

 Depending on the status of DF, SI and DI registers are automatically

updated.

 DF = 0  SI and DI are incremented by 1 for byte and 2 for word.

 DF = 1  SI and DI are decremented by 1 for byte and 2 for word.

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

Compares two sections of memory data as string bytes or string words

CMPS

CMPSB MA = (DS) x 1610 + (SI)

MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)

Its like CMP MAD, MAE Modify flags  (MA) - (MAE)

If (MA) > (MAE), then CF = 0; ZF = 0; SF = 0

If (MA) < (MAE), then CF = 1; ZF = 0; SF = 1
CMPSW
If (MA) = (MAE), then CF = 0; ZF = 1; SF = 0

For byte operation

If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 1; (SI)  (SI) +
1
If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) - 1; (SI)  (SI) - 1

For word operation

If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 2; (SI)  (SI) +
2 3
If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) - 2; (SI)  (SI) - 2
80386 and Above
Microprocessors
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

Compares two sections of memory data as string bytes or string words

CMPS

CMPSD (D for double word)

Only in 80386-Core2

CMPSQ (Q for quad word)

Only in Pentium 4-Core2

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8086 Microprocessors
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

Example procedure

The contents of the data segment memory location

addressed by SI (LINE) are compared with the contents
of the extra segment memory location addressed by DI
(TABLE).

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

• Compares a string byte in AL or word in AX

with a byte or word in memory (extra segment)

• Subtracts memory from AL or AX without affecting

register and memory

• Uses index register DI and extra segment of memory

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

SCAS

SCASB MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)

Modify flags  (AL) - (MAE)

If (AL) > (MAE), then CF = 0; ZF = 0; SF = 0

If (AL) < (MAE), then CF = 1; ZF = 0; SF = 1
If (AL) = (MAE), then CF = 0; ZF = 1; SF = 0

If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 1 (auto increment mode)

If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) – 1

SCASW
MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)
Modify flags  (AX) - (MAE)

If (AX) > (MAE ; MAE + 1), then CF = 0; ZF = 0; SF = 0

If (AX) < (MAE ; MAE + 1), then CF = 1; ZF = 0; SF = 1
If (AX) = (MAE ; MAE + 1), then CF = 0; ZF = 1; SF = 0
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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

Searches the 100bytes BLOCK of memory (in extra segment)

for byte 00H.

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

• Loads string byte in to AL or string word in to AX, or

string double word in to EAX (in 80386 and above) from the
data stored in the data segment addressed by SI.

• After loading AL with ONE byte, AX with TWO bytes, or EAX with
FOUR bytes, the contents of SI is either increment (if D=0) by 1, 2 or 4,
Or the contents of SI is decrement (if D=1) by 1, 2 or 4.

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

LODS

LODSB MA = (DS) x 1610 + (SI)

(AL)  (MA)

If DF = 0, then (SI)  (SI) + 1

If DF = 1, then (SI)  (SI) – 1

LODSW MA = (DS) x 1610 + (SI)

(AX)  (MA ; MA + 1)

If DF = 0, then (SI)  (SI) + 2

If DF = 1, then (SI)  (SI) – 2

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8086 and Above
Microprocessors
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

Different forms of LODS instruction

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 8086 and Above
Microprocessors
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

After LODSW is executed

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

• Stores AL, AX, or EAX (in 80386 and above) at the extra segment
memory location addressed by DI.

• After AL, AX or EAX is stored in the memory, the contents of DI is

either increment (if D=0) by 1, 2 or 4, Or the contents of SI is
decrement (if D=1) by 1, 2 or 4.

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

STOS

STOSB MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)

(MAE)  (AL)

If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 1

If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) – 1

STOSW MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)

(MAE ; MAE + 1 )  (AX)

If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 2

If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) – 2

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

4. String Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS

Different forms of STOS instruction

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