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Project Management: Instructor: Dr. Tayyaba Anees

The document discusses key aspects of project management including the project management process, characteristics of projects, different types of project structures and organizations, and project management information systems. It describes the typical four phase project management process of conception, development, realization, and termination. It also discusses how projects require systems to collect and analyze real-time data on progress and costs to effectively manage projects.

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Shazaib Sarwar
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63 views

Project Management: Instructor: Dr. Tayyaba Anees

The document discusses key aspects of project management including the project management process, characteristics of projects, different types of project structures and organizations, and project management information systems. It describes the typical four phase project management process of conception, development, realization, and termination. It also discusses how projects require systems to collect and analyze real-time data on progress and costs to effectively manage projects.

Uploaded by

Shazaib Sarwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Management

Instructor: Dr. Tayyaba Anees


Plan
• Introduction • Project planning
• Project planning – Resource analysis
– Gantt chart and WBS • Risk management
• Project planning • Quality
– Network analysis I • Budgets and cost
• Project planning control
– Network analysis II • Project teams

Review
A Project
• Unique process
• Coordinated and controlled activities
• Start and finish dates
• To achieve an objective
• Specific requirements
• Constraints of time, cost and resources
Project Characteristics
• Organisation is temporary
• Often forms part of a larger project
• Objectives and product characteristics may be
defined and achieved progressively
• Result may be the creation of one or several
units of a project
• Interrelation between activities may be
complex
Project Characteristics

‘Project management is principally concerned


with the management of change’
(Lockyer & Gordon, 1996)

 Change management in IS development


 Change management in organisations
Difficulties in Software Project
F P Brooks 1987
Classifying Projects (Lock, 1996)
• Civil Engineering
– Realisation phase is outdoors, large capital = many
contractors = communication headaches
• Manufacturing Projects
– Development of specialised hardware, physical design
• Management Projects
– Projects that do not result in a produced piece of hardware
(including software projects?)
• Research Projects
– Include a higher element of risk (including software
projects?)
• Revenue projects
– Carried out within the normal organisational structure
– Normally within a single accounting period
• Capital projects
– May extend over a number of accounting periods
– Occupy considerable time employ considerable capital
– Not carried out within the normal organisational structure

(Lockyer & Gordon, 1996)


Organisation Structures
• Hierarchical
• Matrix
• Project Management Structure
Hierarchical
http://www.slc.co.uk/noframe/corpinfo/orgchart.html
Large Corporation
Matrix Structure
Example 1 – Car Manufacture
• Manufacture of a • The design, launch and
production car initial production for a
– No Clear Finish new car
– Not unique for each – Defined start/finish
product – Unique for each product
– Standard Organisational – Temporary
Structure organisational structure
Example 2 – A New Course
• Existing Course • New Course
• Course Team • Working Group
– Course Leader – Chair
– Module Leaders – Committee
– Administrator
– Administrator
– Year Tutors
• Team set up for course
• Team members may development but then hands
change but team still course over to course team.
exists
Question
• What are the defining characteristics of
Software/Information Systems projects that
make them different from other types of
project?
• See Sommerville’s “Software Engineering” for
examples
All Projects Should Have:
• Project plan
• Time frame
• Product specification
• Statement of required quality
• Budget
• Cost plan
• Identification of areas of uncertainty
• Risk evaluation and responses
Introduction
• What is a project?
• The project management
process
• Project management information
systems
Process Overview
• A project is broken down into stages
• Each stage in turn will be broken down into
smaller and more manageable tasks
• It important to include planning as part of the
project management process
Four Phase Model
• Lockyer (1996) describes a four phase model
of the project process
– Conception - assess the feasibility of the project
– Development - prepare the project plan
– Realisation - carry out the plan
– Termination - close the project
Conception Reports On…
• The capability of the organisation to
– Produce the product in the time required
– Support capital outlay
– Procure external items or services

Conception
Development
Realisation
Termination
Conception Reports On…
• The acceptability of
– Geographical requirements on procurement or
ecology specified in the project enquiry
– Contract conditions specified in enquiry

Conception
Development
Realisation
Termination
Conception Reports On…
• The final price for the product
• The cost involved in development
• The project budget
• Specification of the product including quality
and reliability requirements

Conception
Development
Realisation
Termination
Conception

Can it be done?

Yes or No?

Conception
Development
Realisation
Termination
Conception ≈ Feasibility
• It is possible that we will
reject the project!

• What are the


consequences of:
– Too much detail?
– Insufficient detail?
Development
• As the organisation is now committed to the
project it must:
– Appoint a project manager
– Assemble project team
– Draw up a detailed plan of work

Conception
Development
Realisation
Termination
Realisation
• A reporting system is required to keep
everyone informed:
– Team, top management, customers etc.
• A log is also kept of problems and how they
were resolved

Conception
evelopment
Realisation
Termination
Termination
• Uses the project log to evaluate the
project and the process and indicate:
– The success/failure of methods used
– How team members performed
– How reliable suppliers were

Conception
evelopment
Realisation
Termination
Termination
• Capital equipment that was used for the
project is now likely to be redundant
• Termination also involves getting rid of such
equipment as profitably as possible

Conception
evelopment
Realisation
Termination
Observations
• Often the phases of the project will overlap
• There is often a pause between conception
and the other phases
• It is possible that each phase may be treated
as a project in its own right
– This might affect continuity of the project
Introduction
• What is a project?
• The project management process
• Project management
information systems
PM Information Systems
• Projects need systems that can collect data in
real time concerning the project progress and
costs
• Data analysis and distribution of information
must be carried out as rapidly as possible
MS Project – Gantt Chart
MS Project – Pert Chart
Resource Analysis
Other Software Tools
• Project Management Tools
• Accounting tools
– e.g. spreadsheets, invoice generators
• Documentation tools
– Word processors, report generators
• Group work tools
– Discussion forums
Questions
• Is the development of an information system a
project?
– Explain your answer using information from this
lecture
• How does the four phase model compare to
the waterfall model of software development?
Useful Links
• The OGC Project Management Web Site
– http://www.ogc.gov.uk/sdtoolkit/reference/deliverylifecycle/impplans/pr
oj_mgmt.html
• Project Management Software Tools
– http://www.project-management-software.org/
– http://www.startwright.com/project1.htm
• Example Project Definition Document
– http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspublications.nsf/f2d920e
015d1183d80256c670041a50b/547330bbc5c2e99f80256c2a0059f4c7
/$FILE/Project%20Definition%20Document.pdf

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