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1 Introduction Database Definition

The document provides an overview of database programming concepts including creating and manipulating tables, which are the primary data containers in a database. Tables have attributes like columns and constraints, and various operations can be performed on tables like create, alter, and drop. Examples are given of creating tables with single and multi-column primary keys along with SQL statements to implement sample tables.

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Evans
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26 views

1 Introduction Database Definition

The document provides an overview of database programming concepts including creating and manipulating tables, which are the primary data containers in a database. Tables have attributes like columns and constraints, and various operations can be performed on tables like create, alter, and drop. Examples are given of creating tables with single and multi-column primary keys along with SQL statements to implement sample tables.

Uploaded by

Evans
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE

PROGRAMMING
LECTURER:
GOLOOBA MOSES (DR.)
PHD IT, MIT, PGDIT, BIT

E-MAIL: [email protected]
TEL: 0773 582 487 / 0751 050 976

A PRACTITIONERS APPROACH
INTRODUCTION

 The largest number of business software systems today depend on


databases.

 Database management systems e.g. MySQL, ORACLE, SQL


SERVER etc. provide the data storage and querying capability that is
not available in many other systems

 Today’s modern database management systems support advanced


programmability to the extent that entire systems can be built fully at
the database layer alone
LEARNING OUTCOMES

 By the end of the course students are expected to be able to:


 Create and manipulate data structures like tables and views.
 Insert and manipulate data within a given table.
 Perform adhoc querying on single and multiple tables based on
established data requirements.
 Create programs [stored procedures] to perform additional computation
and data manipulation operations.
 Build interfaces for User-Database Interaction
SCHEMAS
[DATABASES]
CREATION, ACTIVATION
INTRO

 Before tables and other objects can be created, a general schema that
contains these objects is created.

 The schema is referred to as a database.

 To create and activate a database the following syntax is used:


 CREATE DATABASE <Database Name>;
 USE <Database Name>;
…

 Example:

 CREATE DATABASE traveldb;

 USE traveldb;

 NB:
 The USE command activates the database so that any queries are directed
towards it, since there are many databases in a single database server
TABLES
OPERATIONS, CREATION, MANIPULATION,
EXAMPLES
TABLES

• Tables are the primary data containers.

• A table definition is composed of mainly 3 issues:


– Table Name – which must be unique
– Table attributes – Columns and their data types
– Table Constraints – Keys [Primary & Foreign], Unique, Check and
others
TABLE OPERATIONS

 CREATE – Enables the generation of a new table

 ALTER – Enables modification to a table’s structure by adding or


removing columns, changing column properties etc

 DROP – Deletes the table from the database

 NB:
 Table operations are not reversible – no UNDO
CREATING TABLES:
SINGLE COLUMN PRIMARY KEY
 Syntax:
 To create a new table the following general syntax applies:
 CREATE TABLE table_name(column_1 <Data Type>, column_2
<Data Type> <Constraint>,…, column_n <Data Type> <Constraint>
PRIMARY KEY (column);

 Where:
 <Data Type> can be CHAR, INT, NUMBER etc.
 <Constraint> can be PRIMARY KEY, NOT NULL etc.
…

• Example:
– Consider a table with the following definition:
• Column Data Type Constraint
• CUSTOMERID INT Primary Key
• CUSTOMER NAME CHAR NOT NULL
• MOBILE NUMBER INT NOT NULL
• EMAIL CHAR NOT NULL
• BIRTHDATE DATE NOT NULL
…

 The syntax for creation of such a table would be:


 CREATE TABLE customer(CustomerID INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
AUTO_INCREMENT
CustomerName CHAR(45) NOT NULL,
NULL MobileNumber INT NOT
NULL,
NULL Email CHAR(65) NOT NULL,
NULL BirthDate DATE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID) );

 NB:
 Auto increment facility is provided to enable automatic generation of
continuous numbers without much user intervention.
 Primary Key fields must be defined for a proper table
…

 Tasks:
 Given the following table structure, create the table in your current database:
 AGENT:
 Column Data Type Constraint
 AGENTID INT Primary Key
 AGENTNAME CHAR NOT NULL
 MOBILENUMBER INT NOT NULL
 EMAIL CHAR NOT NULL
 PHYSICALADDRESS VARCHAR NOT NULL
 COUNTRYOFSPECIALITY CHAR NOT NULL
…

 Create the definitions and implement the following tables in MySQL:


 Resort
 (resortID[PK],
 ResortName,
 Region
 Lowest Room Price,
 Employee
 (EmployeeID[PK],
 Employee Name,
 Mobile Number,
 Email,
 Basic Salary (Monthly))
CREATING TABLES: MULTI-
COLUMN PRIMARY KEYS
 Syntax:
 The general syntax is the same except that the primary key definition
comes at the end of the column specification:
 CREATE TABLE table_name (column_1 <Data Type> <Constraint>,
column_2 <Data Type> <Constraint>,…., column_n <Data Type>
<Constraint>, PRIMARY KEY (column_1, column_2))
 NB:
 The 2 columns column_1 and column_2 are the composite primary key for
the table
…

• Example:
• Consider the following table definition
• TOUR:
• Column Data Type Constraint
• RESORTID INT Primary Key
• CUSTOMERID INT Primary Key
• NOOFDAYS INT NOT NULL
• TOURDATE DATE Primary Key
• EMPLOYEEID INT NOT NULL
• PACKAGEDETAILS TEXT
…

 Syntax:

 CREATE TABLE tour(resortID INT, customerID INT, no_days INT


NOT NULL, tourDate DATE, employeeID INT NOT NULL,
packageDetails TEXT, PRIMARY KEY
(resortID,customerID,tourDate), FOREIGN KEY(resortID)
REFERENCES resort(resortID), FOREIGN KEY(customerID)
REFERENCES customer(customerID) );
TASK

 Create the following table using an appropriate SQL statement: Choose


appropriate data types

 PAYROLL
 EmployeeID
 SalaryMonth (eg JANUARY, FEBRUARY)
 BasicSalary
 NSSF
 PAYE
 NETPAY
…

• Solution
– CREATE TABLE payroll(employeeID INT, salaryMonth
CHAR(10),basicSalary DOUBLE NOT NULL, nssf DOUBLE NOT
NULL, paye DOUBLE NOT NULL, netPay DOUBLE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(employeeID,salaryMonth) );

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