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Various Techniques of Solving DC Circuits

The document discusses various conventional and advanced methods for solving DC circuits, including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, mesh current analysis, nodal voltage analysis, superposition theorem, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem. It also covers advantages and disadvantages of DC circuits as well as key DC circuit theory terms.

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Subroto Chatterjee
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59 views21 pages

Various Techniques of Solving DC Circuits

The document discusses various conventional and advanced methods for solving DC circuits, including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, mesh current analysis, nodal voltage analysis, superposition theorem, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem. It also covers advantages and disadvantages of DC circuits as well as key DC circuit theory terms.

Uploaded by

Subroto Chatterjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Various Techniques of Solving

DC Circuits

BY:- SUBROTO CHATTERJEE


COMPUTER SCIENCE-2
DC Current and Circuits

DC current are direct current.


DC current is defined as a unidirectional flow of
electric charge.

DC circuits are the circuits in which Direct Current


flows.
• DC circuit are the
arrangements of DC Networks.

• A Direct Current circuit is a


circuit that Electric Current
flows through in one
direction.

• DC is commonly found in
many low-voltage applications,
especially where these are
powered by Battery.
Common DC Circuit Theory Terms

 Circuit – a circuit is a closed loop conducting path in which


an electrical current flows.

 Path – a single line of connecting elements or sources.

 Node – a node is a junction, connection or terminal within a


circuit were two or more circuit elements are connected or
joined together giving a connection point between two or
more branches. A node is indicated by a dot.
Common DC Circuit Theory Terms

Branch – a branch is a single or group of components


such as resistors or a source which are connected between
two nodes.

Loop – a loop is a simple closed path in a circuit in which


no circuit element or node is encountered more than once.

Mesh – a mesh is a single closed loop series path that


does not contain any other paths. There are no loops
inside a mesh.
Why we need to solve the circuits?

The reason we want to build circuits is to make


electricity do useful things for us.
The way we do that is by putting things in the circuit
that use the current flow to light up, make noise, run
programs, etc.
The electric circuits are closed-loop or path which
forms a network of electrical components, where
electrons are able to flow.
This path is made using electrical wires and is powered
by a source, like a battery.
Methods Of Solving DC Circuits

CONVENIONAL METHOD ADVANCE METHOD

Ohm’s Law Superposition


Kirchhoff’s Law Theorem
1. KCL Thevenin’s Theorem

2. KVL Norton’s Theorem


OHM’s Law

Ohm's Law is a formula used to calculate the relationship


between voltage, current and resistance in an electrical
circuit.
Voltage = Current x Resistance, Or 
Volts = Amps x Ohms, Or 
V=AxΩ
Kirchhoff's
Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws
Circuit Laws
allow us to solve
complex circuit
problems by
defining a set of
basic network
laws and
theorems for the
voltages and
currents around a
circuit
Kirchhoff's First Law – The Current Law, (KCL)

 The algebraic sum of all the currents entering and leaving a node
must be equal to zero, I(exiting) + I(entering) = O.
 This idea by Kirchhoff is commonly known as the Conservation
of Charge.

 Current to flow either in or out of a node a closed circuit path


must exist.
 We can use Kirchhoff’s current law when analysing parallel
circuits.
Kirchhoff's Second Law – The Voltage Law, (KVL)

The algebraic sum of all voltages within the loop must be equal to zero.
This idea by Kirchhoff is known as the Conservation of Energy.

In any closed loop network, the total voltage around the loop is equal to
the sum of all the voltage drops within the same loop which is also
equal to zero.
Mesh Current Analysis and Nodal Voltage Analysis

This method by using Mesh Current Analysis or Nodal


Voltage Analysis that results in a lessening of the math’s
involved and when large networks are involved this
reduction in math's can be a big advantage.

Nodal Voltage Analysis finds the unknown voltage


drops around a circuit between different nodes that
provide a common connection for two or more
circuit components.
Superposition Theorem

This theorem is valid for linear, active and bilateral


network.
In a linear resistive network containing two or more
sources (voltage or current).
The current through any element may be determine
by adding together algebraically the current
produced by each source acting alone.
In this we take single source active and other sources
are replaced by there internal resistance.
Thevenin’s Theorem

Thevenin theorem is an analytical method used to change


a complex circuit into a simple equivalent circuit
consisting of a single resistance in series with a source
voltage.
This theorem is valid
for linear, active,
two-terminal and
bilateral network.
 Vth = open circuit voltage at the target terminal.
 Rth = equivalent resistance at the target terminal.
Norton's Theorem

Norton's theorem is an analytical method used to change a


complex circuit into a simple equivalent circuit consisting
of a single resistance in parallel with a current source.
This theorem is valid
for linear, active,
two-terminal and
bilateral network.
IN = Short circuit current through the target terminal.
RN= Equivalent resistance at the target terminal.
Advantages and disadvantages of DC (Direct current)

 Advantages of DC (Direct current):-


1. Less number of conductors needed as DC transmission
requires two conductors where as a three phase 
AC transmission requires three conductors.
2. There is no skin effect in DC and hence the cross section
of entire conductor is fully utilized. Thus the
effective resistance of the conductor in DC is less than
that of AC.
3. There are no effects of inductance, capacitance and phase
angle displacement on the lines in DC transmission.
Advantages and disadvantages of DC (Direct current)

Disadvantages of DC (Direct current):-

1. Difficulty of generating the DC at high voltage


because of the commutation problems.

2. Difficulty of generating the DC at high voltage


because of the commutation problems

3. Moreover DC circuit breakers and switches offer


more limitations.
REFERENCES

Under the guidance of Mr. Vaibhav Shukla Sir.


www.goole.com
www.wikpidia.in
https://brainly.in
www.byjus.com
Notes of Basic Electrical Engineering (BEE).

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