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EE538 Assignment No:2 Vector Controlled Induction Motors

This document discusses vector control of induction motors. It begins with an introduction on the advantages of vector control strategies using semiconductor technology. It then describes the basic principles of field oriented control (FOC), where speed and torque can be independently controlled by regulating the magnitude and phase of stator current and voltage vectors. The document compares FOC to other control strategies, noting that FOC provides better dynamic performance through independent control of torque and flux similar to DC drives. It also allows handling system limitations and achieving higher efficiency. Finally, it provides details on two common FOC techniques - FOC with current control, which regulates torque and flux producing stator currents, and FOC with voltage control, which determines voltage reference values

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Mahesh Thilakasiri
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28 views

EE538 Assignment No:2 Vector Controlled Induction Motors

This document discusses vector control of induction motors. It begins with an introduction on the advantages of vector control strategies using semiconductor technology. It then describes the basic principles of field oriented control (FOC), where speed and torque can be independently controlled by regulating the magnitude and phase of stator current and voltage vectors. The document compares FOC to other control strategies, noting that FOC provides better dynamic performance through independent control of torque and flux similar to DC drives. It also allows handling system limitations and achieving higher efficiency. Finally, it provides details on two common FOC techniques - FOC with current control, which regulates torque and flux producing stator currents, and FOC with voltage control, which determines voltage reference values

Uploaded by

Mahesh Thilakasiri
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE538

ASSIGNMENT No:2
Vector Controlled Induction Motors

E/05/185 Lokugamage A.U.


E/05/295 Siriwardhana A.S.L
E/05/298 Sooriyadasa S.M.D.P.K
E/05/321 Thrikawela M.M.
E/05/341 Wickramarathne W.J.C.
E/05/354 Wijesurendra K.P.N.U
Introduction
• controlled electrical drives has undergone rapid expansion
due mainly to the advantages of semiconductors in both
power and signal electronics
• This leads to AC drive control with ever lower power
dissipation hardware and ever more accurate control
structures.
• In vector control, speed and torque can be controlled by
controlling both the magnitude and the phase of each phase
current and voltage vectors
• Control of current/voltage associated with field, hence this
strategy is called field oriented controlled as well.
• Two control strategies are filed orientation with current
control and field orientation with voltage control (FOC)
comparison
 Controlled strategies we have discussed such as inverter fed
IM, provided good steady state response but not in transients
(high current flow in transients which can damage drive
system)
 Deviation of air gap flux linkage in magnitude as well as in
phase, from their set values is the reason for this.
 other controllers utilized stator phase voltage/current
magnitude and frequency but not their instantaneous phase,
which deviate linkage flux from its set value.
Large stator currents
Current
Air gap flux Oscillation Oscillation
oscillation Damage to the system
oscillation of torque of speed
s
High rated equipments
required
Comparison contnd..
• Now its clear that for good dynamic characteristics control of
phase in above quantities is necessary which is addressed by
vector controlled system
• In FOC both phase and magnitude of stator quantities are
controlled. Hence good dynamic performance
• In FOC the ease of reaching constant reference (torque
component- Iand flux component of the stator current- I)
• Independent control of torque and flux is possible as dc drives
• handling system limitations and achieve higher power conversion
efficiency compared to other techniques
• Suitable for high performance application such as servos, process
drives, metal rolling mills etc.
Field Orientation with Current Control
 In IM current in rotor which generate torque should be
generated by induction.
I1 I1

I2 I3 I2
I3 I3 I2 I
 I2 3


I1
 
I1
Figure 1.a Figure 1.b Figure 2.a Figure 2.b
•I1 generates then apply I2 , since linked flux of rotor bars is changed it
induces I3 (refer vector diagram) to neutralize this (Fleming law+ lense law)
•How ever due to induced I3 requires a field change (current caring conductor in
a field) vector diagram changes as figure 2.b after certain time.
•If rotor is assumed to be locked, then stator is rotates such that field and I1
again parallel and again orientation is restored as figure 4.a
•In reality stator is stationary and rotating vector is formed by rotating current
I & I (figure 5)
FOC with current control contnd..
I
I1 I1
I3
I2 I
I3 I I2
I
I2
I2



Figure 4.a Figure 4.b Figure 5.a I
Figure 5.b

I=I1cos- I2sintorque component I=I1sin+ I2cosflux component)

•Above relationship is obtained using vector rotor


(VR) which rotates current vector by the angle of field
+

I2
+ •In puts to VR are set point values I1*
+
-
& I2* and field angle which is taken
I1
sin cos
from Hall generators which are at
Figure 6 deferent angles in air gap
FOC with current control contnd..
 Vector Analyzer (VA) converts angle () into sin & cos
 What actually VR does is transformation of current
vector I from field oriented coordinate system to stator
oriented coordinate system. Refer figure 7
 Output of VR fed in to variable current static controller U
to obtain I and I (vector multiplier)

I1 Cos– sin
I * I
I2 Sin + cos U
I * I

Figure 7
Application of vector rotor for field
orientation in an IM
 This gives separate access to the field current and
separate access to torque producing current
 Thus it is possible to operate an IM in same manner as a
separately excited dc motor with current control

I
I *
I1 * U
VR I *
I 2* I

sin cos

VA

Field orientation with voltage control
Open loop Control
I
I *

I1* U
VR 1 I *
I2* I
cos
sin

VA

• To achieve the field orientation, It is necessary to determine voltage


positioning values Uand Ucorrespond to the current reference

values I and I

• This relationship can be obtained in two steps


Step 1
• Voltage vector Uin the field coordinate system is formed from the

current vector UI and I

•Uvector contains,
 Vectors for the resistive & inductive voltage drops of the
current
Vector for the back emf of the motor
• This relationship is established in a computation circuit ‘E’
• To do this, E needs information from the motor and contains a
simulation of the structure of the motor
Step 2
• Uis transformed to Us* (Stator coordinate system)

• Use Us* = DU


• This transformation is done by the VR1
•Result (Uand U) is then fed to the static convertor as
manipulated variables

Motor resistance is varying with the operating temperature


Thus, current at the stator deviates from the reference values I and I
The operating temperature of the motor cannot generally be taken in to
account in the computational circuit
There fore, Closed loop system is required
Closed – loop control
I
I *

I1* U
VR 1 I *
I2* I
cos
sin

VA

VA2

 At steady state, components of Iremain constant

 And Ican be obtained by measurement of the stator oriented current

vector Is and subsequent transformation of the field coordinate system,

I = D-1Is

I = DIs
Closed – loop control Ctd…

 This transformation is done by VR2


 Since actual I is known error can be calculated
 Then error is fed to integrator type controller (PI)
 Hence required current can be maintained even
though the operating temperature is varying
A Mathematical Model for
Coordinate Transformation
• This model along with the
Clark and Park
transformations can be used
as a alternative method for
deriving a time independent
coordinate system.

• Below procedure can be


used to derive the time
independent coordinate
system.
IM
Motor
• Isd and Iaq are the two current
vectors which are important.
A Mathematical Model, cont…
•Space Vector definition and projection

•The (a ,b ,c)->(α ,β) projection (Clarke


transformation)

•The (α ,β)->(d ,q) projection (Park


transformation)
references
EE538 course note -: Siemens review
Electric Motor Drives by R. Krishnan
Field Orientated Control of 3-Phase AC-
Motors, Literature Number:
BPRA073:Texas Instruments Europe

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