INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB

Manaswi
EN 1
3rd Year 6th Sem
 Contents
 Basics of MATLAB
 Typical Uses
 Learning MATLAB
 The MATLAB System
 Starting and Quiting MATLAB
 MATLAB Desktop
 Desktop Tools
 Some Programming Part
 Plotting of 2D and 3D Graphs
 Animation
 Role of Simulink
 Query Session
 Basics of Matlab
 What Is MATLAB?
 MATLAB is a high-performance language for
technical computing. It integrates computation,
visualization, and programming in an easy-to-
use environment where problems and
solutions are expressed in familiar
mathematical notation.
 Typical uses include:
 Math and computation
 Algorithm development
 Modeling, simulation, and prototyping
 Data analysis, exploration, and visualization
Scientific and engineering graphics
 Application development, including
graphical user interface building
 Learning MATLAB
 Learning MATLAB is just like learning how to
drive a car. It is possible to learn all the rules
from the manual but to become a good driver
we have to get out on the road and drive. The
easiest and best way to learn MATLAB is to use
MATLAB.
 The MATLAB System
 The MATLAB system consists of five main
parts:
 Development Environment.
 The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library
 The MATLAB Language
 Handle Graphics
 The MATLAB Application Program Interface
(API)
Starting and Quitting MATLAB
 MATLAB Desktop
 When we start MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop appears,
containing tools (graphical user interfaces) for managing files,
variables, and applications associated with MATLAB. The first
time MATLAB starts, the desktop appears as shown in fig. A3,
although Launch Pad may contain different entries. We can
change the desktop looks by opening, closing, moving, and
resizing the tools in it. We can also move tools outside of the
desktop or return them back inside the desktop (docking). All the
desktop tools provide common features such as context menus
and keyboard shortcuts. We can specify certain characteristics for
the desktop tools by selecting Preferences from the File menu.
For example, we can specify the font characteristics for
Command Window text. For more information, click the Help
button in the Preferences dialog box.
 Desktop Tools
 This section provides an introduction to
MATLAB’s desktop tools. We can also use
MATLAB functions to perform most of the
features found in the desktop tools.
Command Window
 Command History
 Lines enter in the Command Window are
logged in the Command History window. In
the Command History, one can view
previously used functions, and copy and
execute selected lines.
 Running External Programs
 We can run external programs from the
MATLAB Command Window. The exclamation
point character ! is a shell escape and indicates
that the rest of the input line is a command to
the operating system. This is useful for invoking
utilities or running other programs without
quitting MATLAB. On Linux, for example, !
emacs magik.m invokes an editor called emacs
for a file named magik.m. When we quit the
external program, the operating system returns
control to MATLAB.
 Launch Pad
 MATLAB’s Launch Pad provides easy access
to tools, demos, and documentation.
Help Browser
Workspace Browser
 Entering Matrices
 The best way to get started with MATLAB is
to learn how to handle matrices. Start
MATLAB
 Enter an explicit list of elements.
 Load matrices from external data files.
 Generate matrices using built-in functions.
 Create matrices with your own functions in
M-files.
 sum, transpose, and diag
 A = [16 3 2 13; 5 10 11 8; 9 6 7 12; 4 15 14 1]
 MATLAB displays the matrix just entered as: A
= 16 3 2 13
 5 10 11 8
 9 6 7 12
 4 15 14 1
Entering Matrices
 diag(A) produces ans = 16
 10
 7
 1
 sum(diag(A)) produces
 ans = 34
 ones (4)
 ans = 1 1 1 1
 1111
 1111
 1111
 zeros(3)
 ans = 0 0 0
 000
 000
Adding Plots to an Existing Graph
 [x,y,z] = peaks; contour(x,y,z,20,'k') hold on
pcolor(x,y,z) shading interp hold off The hold
on command causes the pcolor plot to be
combined with the contour plot in one figure.
 Multiple Plots in One Figure
 t = 0:pi/10:2*pi;
 [X,Y,Z] = cylinder(4*cos(t));
 subplot(2,2,1);
 mesh(X) subplot(2,2,2);
 mesh(Y) subplot(2,2,3);
 mesh(Z) subplot(2,2,4);
 mesh(X,Y,Z)
 Setting Grid Lines
 The grid command toggles grid lines on and
off. The statement grid on turns the grid lines
on and grid off turns them back off again.
 Mesh and Surface Plots
 [X,Y] = meshgrid(-8:.5:8);
 R = sqrt(X.^2 + Y.^2) + eps;
 Z = sin(R)./R;
 mesh(X,Y,Z,‘
 By default, MATLAB colors the mesh using the
current colormap. However, this example uses
a single-colored mesh by specifying the
EdgeColor surface property. EdgeColor','black')
 Surface Plots with Lighting
 surf(X,Y,Z,'FaceColor','red','EdgeColor','none');
camlight left;
 lighting phong view(-15,65)
 Bar and Area Graphs
 bar Displays columns of m-by-n matrix as m
groups of n vertical bars
 barh Displays columns of m-by-n matrix as m
groups of n horizontal bars
 bar3 Displays columns of m-by-n matrix as m
groups of n vertical 3-D bars
 bar3h Displays columns of m-by-n matrix as m
groups of n horizontal 3-D bars
 area Displays vector data as stacked area plots
graphs.
Removing a Piece from a Pie Charts
 x = [.19 .22 .41];
 pie(x)
 Line Plots of 3-D Data
 t = 0:pi/50:10*pi;
 plot3(sin(t),cos(t),t) axis square;
 grid on
 Animations
 MATLAB provides two ways of generating
moving, animated graphics:
 Continually erase and then redraw the objects
on the screen, making incremental changes
with each redraw.
 Save a number of different pictures and then
play them back as a movie.
 Role of Simulation

 In this age modeling and simulation is playing