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Five Generations of Computer

The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1940 to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, magnetic drums for memory, and took up entire rooms. The second generation replaced vacuum tubes with transistors. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and allowed multitasking. The fourth generation included microprocessors on a single chip. The fifth generation, still in development, focuses on artificial intelligence through parallel processing and natural language interfaces.

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62 views

Five Generations of Computer

The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1940 to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, magnetic drums for memory, and took up entire rooms. The second generation replaced vacuum tubes with transistors. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and allowed multitasking. The fourth generation included microprocessors on a single chip. The fifth generation, still in development, focuses on artificial intelligence through parallel processing and natural language interfaces.

Uploaded by

full time fun FTF
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Five Generations

Present by:Samiullah Of
Computer

Govt: Vocational Institute (Boys) Shikarpur


First Generation of Computer
(1940-1956)
 The first computers used vacuum tubes(a sealed glass tube
containing a near-vacuum which allows the free passage of
electric current.) for
circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
 They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
 First generation computers relied on machine language.
 They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using
a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
often the cause of malfunctions(defect or breakdown).
 The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-
generation computing devices.
First Generation of Computer
Advantages :
 It was only electronic device
 First device to hold memory
First Generation of Computer

Disadvantages :
 Too bulky i.e. large in size
 Vacuum tubes burn frequently
 They were producing heat
 Maintenance problems
Second Generation Computers
(1956-1963)

• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the


second generation of computers.
• Second-generation computers moved from
cryptic binary machine language to symbolic.
•  High-level programming languages were also being
developed at this time, such as early versions
of COBOL and FORTRAN.
• These were also the first computers that stored their
instructions in their memory.
Second Generation Computers

Advantages :
 The very fast
 Very much reliable

Disadvantages :
 They over heated quickly
 Maintenance problems
Third Generation Computers
(1964-1971)

 The development of the integrated circuit was the


hallmark of the third generation of computers.
 Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon
chips, called semiconductors.
 Instead of punched cards and printouts, users
interacted with third generation computers
through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with
an operating system.
 Allowed the device to run many
different applications at one time.
Third generation computers

Advantages :
 ICs are very small in size
 Improved performance
 Production cost cheap

Disadvantages :
 ICs are sophisticated
Fourth Generation Computers
(1971-present)

 The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of


computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built
onto a single silicon chip.
 The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the
components of the computer.
 From the central processing unit and memory to
input/output controls—on a single chip.
 . Fourth generation computers also saw the development
of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
Fourth Generation Computers
Fifth Generation Computers

 Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial


intelligence.
 Are still in development, though there are some
applications, such as voice recognition.
 The use of parallel processing and superconductors is
helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
 The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop
devices that respond to natural language input and are
capable of learning and self-organization.
Fifth Generation Computers

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