Scribd
Upload
7K views30 pages

Class 5, History of Computers

The document summarizes the evolution of computers from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses 5 generations of computers: [1] First generation used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. Examples included ENIAC and UNIVAC. [2] Second generation used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Examples included IBM 7000 and IBM 650. [3] Third generation used integrated circuits which replaced transistors. Examples included IBM 360 series. [4] Fourth generation used microprocessors and personal computers were developed. [5] Fifth generation under development uses artificial intelligence and concepts like robots and quantum computers.

Uploaded by

Smriti Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7K views30 pages

Class 5, History of Computers

The document summarizes the evolution of computers from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses 5 generations of computers: [1] First generation used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. Examples included ENIAC and UNIVAC. [2] Second generation used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Examples included IBM 7000 and IBM 650. [3] Third generation used integrated circuits which replaced transistors. Examples included IBM 360 series. [4] Fourth generation used microprocessors and personal computers were developed. [5] Fifth generation under development uses artificial intelligence and concepts like robots and quantum computers.

Uploaded by

Smriti Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

L-1 History of

CLASS 5
Computer-
From Abacus to
Robots
Introduction

 Computers that we see and use today have evolved from the early
computing devices.
 Computers have been around for quite some time and were developed
over many years by the contributions of
philosophers,inventors,engineers,mathematicians,physicists,technicians,
visionaries and scholars.
So lets us begin the interesting journey of History of …..

Evolution of Computers
Abacus

 It was first calculating


machine.
 It was developed by
China about 2500 years
ago.
 It consists of number of
rods with beads to
represent numbers.
Structure of Abacus

1.It has series of vertical rods


on which a number of
wooden beads are allowed to
slide freely.
2.A horizontal rod separates
the frame into two sections:-
Upper deck and lower deck.
3.Each bead in UPPER deck
has a value of 5 and each
bead in lower deck has a
Napiers Bone
 John Napier was a Scottish
mathematician, astronomer and inventor.
 He invented device called as Napiers
Bones in 1616.
 He used tables written on bones , ivory,
wood or silver.
 This device was mostly used for
simplifying multiplication
,divisions,square roots and cube roots.
Pascaline

In 1642 Blaise Pascal French mathematician developed calculator


called Arithmatique or Pascaline.
It was one of the worlds first mechanical adding machine.
mechanical means performing tasks manually.
It could add or subtract.
Stepped Reckoner

 Gottfried Wilhelm Von


Leibniz a
German mathematician invented
Stepped Reckoner.
 This Calculator could perform
addition,subtraction ,multiplication
and division.
Charles Babbage(1791-1871)

 He was British mathematician ,mechanical engineer and inventor.


 He built Machine called as Analytical Engine to compute mathematical
tables 1833.
 He was the first who developed IPO cycle in modern computers.
 He first developed Analytical Engine with four parts input device
,output device, processing device and Storage device.
 This Analytical Engine ran on steam because there was no electricity in
1800s.
 He is known as “Father of Modern Computers “.
Programming based on 0s and 1s.

 Lady Ada Lovelace gave birth to the


concept of binary language in year 1887.
 This was also used in Analytical Engine.
 She is also known as ‘Founder of
Scientific Computing’ and ‘ First Lady
Computer Programmer’.
Tabulating Machine

 Herman Holleirth was an


American Mathematician who
invented the Tabulating
Machine.
 Itfollowed the IPO Cycle and
gave input in the form of
punched card.
First Generation (1940-1956)

 The computers of this generation Vacuum Tubes and Magnetic drums as the
basic component for memory and circuitry for central processing unit.
 These vacuum tubes were a fragile glass device like electric bulb, that could
control and amplify electronic signals.
 They produced a lot of heat and were prone to frequent fusing/ damaging of the
installations.
Therefore, they were used very expensive and could be afforded only by
very large organizations.
Examples are ENIAC,UNIVAC,EDVAC AND EDSAC Computers
First Generation Computer Picture
UNIVAC(Universal Automatic ENIAC(Electronic Numerical
Computer I) Integrator and Computer)
 It is first commercial  It is general purpose, fully
computer produced in USA. electronic digital computer.
 Itwas designed by J.  Itis developed by J.Presper
Persper Eckert and John Eckert and John Mauchly.
Mauchly.
Advantages :

i) These computers were the fastest calculating device of


their time. They could perform computations in
milliseconds.
ii) Vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of
electronic digital computers.
Disadvantages :

i) Too bulky in size.


ii) Air conditioning required to control the temperature .
iii) Prone to frequent hardware failure.
iv) Commercial production was difficult and costly.
v) Slow input and output operations.
Second Generation (1956-1963)

 The second generation computer used Semi-conductor transistor


instead of vacuum tubes .
 This generation computers used transistors which were cheaper,
consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and
faster than the vacuum tubes used in first generation computers.
Examples are IBM 7000,IBM 650 ,IBM 1401, ATLAS and Leo
Mark III etc.
Second Generation Computer Picture
Features of Second Generation Computer:

i) Smaller in size as compared to first generation


computers.
ii) More reliable.
iii) Less heat generated.
iv) Less prone to hardware failure.
v) Wider commercial use.
Third Generation (1964-1971)

 The third generation computers used Integrated Circuits (or IC Chips)


which replaced transistors.
 This new microelectronic technology was called Integrated Circuits.
 Magnetic disks replaced magentic tape for Auxiliary and video
display.
 Keyboards were used to input data and terminals to give output.
 Examples are IBM 360 series, ICL 2900 series and Honeywell 200
series.
Third Generation Computer Picture
Features :

i) Smaller in size as compared to previous generation.


ii) More reliable than second generation computers.
iii) Low maintenance cost.
iv) Easily portable.
v) Commercial production was easier and cheaper.
Fourth Generation (1971-1989)

 It emerged with VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration).


 Microprocessor came into existence.
 Computers designed by using microprocessor as thousands of circuits
built into single silicon chip.
 Personal Computer developed in this generation.
 Concept of computer networks and CD ROM came into existence.
 Internet was also developed during this time.
Examples are HP Laptops, Apple, Macintosh and IBM PC.
Fourth Generation Computer Picture
Advantages :

i) Smaller in size because of high component density.


ii) Heat generated is negligible.
iii) Much faster in computation then previous generations.
iv) Less power consumption .
v) No air conditioning is required in most cases.
Disadvantages :

i) Highly sophisticated technology is required for


the manufacturing of VLSI chips .
ii) Highly skilled people are required in its
manufacturing.
Fifth Generation(1989-Present)

 The fifth generation computers are under development stage.


 The fifth generation machine are proposed to be based on Artificial
Intelligence software with genuine I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient).
 Examples are ROBOTS, Nano Computers and Quantum
computers.
That provide the ability to reason logically and with real
knowledge of the world like human do.
Fifth Generation Computers Picture
Characteristics of future generation computers :

i) Decreasing cost of hardware and software.


ii) High speed processing.
iii) Knowledge based processing system .
iv) Development of natural language processing.
v) Advancement in supercomputer technology.
vi) Artificial Intelligence , think and behave like human
(humanoid).
THANK YOU.

You might also like