Dynamic Analysis

By
Dhanaji S. Chavan ,
Assistant Professor, TKIET, Warananagar
 Problem-1
500 kN E= 2.1e8 kPa

C/s: 0.3mx0.3m

Input motion is given

4m

6.00E-01
4.00E-01
acceleration

2.00E-01
0.00E+00
-2.00E-01 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
-4.00E-01
-6.00E-01
time
 ……………..
• Objectives: to determine………
– Displacement at fee end & fixed end
– Reactions at free end & fixed end
– Local & global forces in the column
– Plot displacement time history at free end for first
2 second
 Coding starts……….
model basic -ndm 2 -ndf 3

node 1 0 0

node 2 0 4
fix 1 1 1 1
 To define mass
• In dynamic analysis it is must to define nodal
or elemental mass
– Beacause Transient(earthquake) motion develops
inertial force which is
f=m .a

Acceleration to
Inertial force which mass is
mass subjected
 ……..
mass $nodeTag (ndf $MassValues)
command

Node number at
which mass to be Mass for specific degree
defined of motion
 …………
mass 2 50 00 0

Mass in the
direction of rotation
command Mass in x-
direction

Node
number
Mass in y
direction
 ……….

• while defining mass we have to be very careful.

• In present case earthquake motion is in x-direction,

so we have to define mass in that direction

• If we defined mass in any other direction that will be

ineffective in analysis
 ………….
geomTransf Linear 1
element elasticBeamColumn 1 1 2 .09 2.1e8 0.000675 1
recorder Node -file Rbase.out -time -node 1 -dof 1 2 reaction
recorder Node -file RFree.out -time -node 2 -dof 1 2 reaction

recorder Node -file Dbase.out -time -node 1 -dof 1 2 disp

recorder Node -file Dfree.out -time -node 2 -dof 1 2 disp

recorder Element -file ele_Lfor.out -time -ele 1 localForce

recorder Element -file ele_Gfor.out -time -ele 1 globalForce
 …………
pattern Plain 1 Constant {
load 2 000 -500.0 0.0}

– Remember that self weight of the super structure

has to be applied separately as a force. It won’t be
calculated automatically form mass .
 .............
system UmfPack
constraints Plain
test NormDispIncr 1.0e-5 10 0
algorithm Newton
numberer RCM
integrator LoadControl 1
analysis Static
analyze 10
Quick review of integrator LoadControl

integrator LoadControl $dLambda1 <$Jd

$minLambda $maxLambda>
$dLambda1:
- first load-increment factor (pseudo-time step)
- Usually same is followed further
<$Jd:
- must be integer
-factor relating load increment at subsequent time steps
minLambda, maxLambda:
-decides minimum &maximum time increment bound
- optional, default: $dLambda1 for both

Dhanaji Chavan 12
 ……….
loadConst -time 00.00

Start time
command keyword

– This command is used to restart the time for the

transient analysis
 ……….
wipeAnalysis
– This command clears previously-defined analysis
parameters. i.e. parameters defined for static
analysis
 To define the input motion..
set accelSeries "Series -dt 0.01 -filePath INPUT_accl.dat -factor 1“

Set: command
accelSeries: variable name to which acceleration time
history is to be assigned

• Portion in the box is a time Time Series

 Time Series
• Types of time series are :
i. Constant Time Series
ii. Linear Time Series
iii. Rectangular Time Series
iv. Sine Time Series
v. Path Time Series
• For the first four time series the load
variation follows fixed pattern.
 ………..
• When load pattern does not follow a fixed
pattern i.e. earthquake load, we have to go for
Path Time Series
 Ways to define Path Time Series
where the values are specified in a list included
in the command & at constant time interval
Series -dt $dt -filePath $fileName <-factor $cFactor>

keyword keyword
Load factor coefficient.
keyword File name which contains
Constant time Default value is 1
the values e.g. accl,
interval e.g 0.01 vel,load etc

– In our case we have used this series

 ………….
The load factor to be applied to the loads in
the LoadPattern object is :
–   load factor = $cFactor*(user-defined series)
 Ways to define Path Time Series
For a load path where the values are specified at constant
time intervals:
Series -dt $dt -values {list_of_values} <-factor $cFactor>
keyword

keyword
keyword List of values e.g.
accl, vel, load etc Load factor coefficient.
Default value is 1
Constant time
interval e.g 0.01
 …………
• For a load path where the values are specified at non-
constant time intervals:
Series -time {list_of_times} -values {list_of_values} <-factor $cFactor>

• where both time and values are specified in a list included in

the command:
Series -fileTime $fileName1 -filePath $fileName2 <-factor $cFactor>
 To define load pattern
pattern UniformExcitation $patternTag $dir -accel
(TimeSeriesType arguments) <-vel0 $ver0>

• Pattern: command
• UniformExcitation: name/type of load pattern
• $patternTag: unit pattern tag/ number
• $dir: direction of excitation (1, 2, or 3) used in formulating the
inertial loads for the transient analysis
• -accel: keyword to define acceleration history
• -vel0: keyword to define initial velocity $ver0 whose default
value is zero
 ……………
In our case…….
pattern UniformExcitation 2 1 -accel $accelSeries

Direction of
Unique pattern tag
excitation X-
direction

A uniform acceleration history is imposed at

all nodes constrained in the x-direction i.e. in
our case node 1 only
 Defining Dynamic analysis
commands………………
system ProfileSPD
test NormDispIncr 1.e-6 50 0
algorithm KrylovNewton
constraints Transformation
 To define integrator
• We can not use the integrator defined for
static analysis
• We have to define the following integrator
integrator Newmark $gamma $beta

command Newmark
parameter  
Name of the Newmark
integrator parameter 
 …………
Integrator Newmark 0.5 0.25
numberer RCM
analysis Transient
analyze 4000 0.01

Thank u……………………………………
 Assignment -1.
1. Perform both static & dynamic analysis for given
problem discretizing into one element only
2. Don’t define nodal mass & see what happens
3. Define the mass in y direction & see the results
4. Apply both vertical & lateral static loads at free end
& perform the analysis
5. Don’t use the loadConst -time 00.00 & see what
happens
 Assignment -2
• Discretize above model in 4 elements &
perform the complete analysis
 Problem- 2
E= 2.1e8 kPa, mass
density = 1.6 ton/m3
4(0,1) 3(1,1)
input motion: sinusoidal
acceleration at base

  0 .3
1(0,0) 2(1,0)
 ………
Wipe
model basic -ndm 2 -ndf 2
nDMaterial ElasticIsotropic 1 2.1e8 0.3
node 1 0.000 0.000
node 2 1.000 0.000
node 3 1.000 1.000
node 4 0.000 1.000
 …………
element quad 1 1 2 3 4 1.0 "PlaneStrain" 1 0.0 0.0 0 -16

Surface pressure

Mass density

Body force in y
direction

Body force in x
direction
 ………
fix 1 1 1
fix 2 1 1
system ProfileSPD
test NormDispIncr 1.e-12 25 0
constraints Transformation
integrator LoadControl 1 1 1 1
algorithm Newton
numberer RCM
analysis Static
 ………………..
analyze 1
loadConst -time 0.000
wipeAnalysis
 Application of earthquake motion
pattern UniformExcitation 1 1 -accel "Sine 0 1000
1 -factor 10"

Start time

Period of End time

sine wave Sinusoidal
variation

Load factor
coefficient
 ……………….
constraints Transformation;
test NormDispIncr 1.e-12 25 0
algorithm Newton
numberer RCM
system ProfileSPD
integrator Newmark 0.5 0.25
analysis Transient
recorder Node -file disp.out -time -node 1 2 3 4 -dof 1 2 -dT 0.01 disp
recorder Node -file acce.out -time -node 1 2 3 4 -dof 1 2 -dT 0.01 accel
recorder Element -ele 1 -time -file stress1.out -dT 0.01 material 1 stress
recorder Element -ele 1 -time -file strain1.out -dT 0.01 material 1 strain
recorder Element -ele 1 -time -file stress3.out -dT 0.01 material 3 stress
recorder Element -ele 1 -time -file strain3.out -dT 0.01 material 3 strain
analyze 2000 0.01
 ……………

recorder Node -file disp.out -time -node 1 2 3 4 -dof 1 2 -dT 0.01 disp

recorder Node -file acce.out -time -node 1 2 3 4 -dof 1 2 -dT 0.01 accel

recorder Element -ele 1 -time -file stress1.out -dT 0.01 material 1 stress
recorder Element -ele 1 -time -file strain1.out -dT 0.01 material 1 strain

recorder Element -ele 1 -time -file stress3.out -dT 0.01 material 3 stress
recorder Element -ele 1 -time -file strain3.out -dT 0.01 material 3 strain

analyze 2000 0.01

 Assignment-3
1. Perform both static & dynamic analysis for
given problem &………
 Plot displacement time history plot for node 3 &
4
 Plot acceleration time history plot for node 3 & 4
 Assignment-4
• Discretize domain in 4 elements & perform
the complete analysis
 Assignment- 5
• Apply equal dof for node 3 & 4 , perform
dynamic analysis and
 Plot displacement time history plot for node 3 &
4
 Plot acceleration time history plot for node 3 & 4
 ………
equalDOF 3 4 1 2

Thank u............