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Limits of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Mt. Rushmore features giant carved faces of four U.S. presidents - George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The sculptures were carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore in South Dakota between 1927 and 1941. Millions of visitors travel to the site each year to view the impressive monument.

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38 views

Limits of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Mt. Rushmore features giant carved faces of four U.S. presidents - George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The sculptures were carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore in South Dakota between 1927 and 1941. Millions of visitors travel to the site each year to view the impressive monument.

Uploaded by

Julie Ann Valenzuela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mt.

Rushmore, South Dakota

3.9: Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions


Look at the graph of ye x

The slope at x=0 If we assume this to


appears to be 1. be true, then:
0 h
e e 0
lim 1
h 0 h

definition of derivative


Now we attempt to find a general formula for the
derivative of y  e using the definition.
x

d x e x h  e x  h
1 
dx
 e   lim
h 0 h
 e  lim 
x
h 0
e
h

 
e x  eh  e x
 lim
h 0 h This is the slope at x=0,
which we have assumed to
 x eh  1  be 1.
 lim  e  
h 0
 h   e x 1
 ex

d x
dx
 
e e x


x
e is its own derivative!

If we incorporate the chain rule:

d u u du
e e
dx dx

x
We can now use this formula to find the derivative of a


d x
dx
a  
d ln a x
dx
e   ( e x
and ln x are inverse functions.)

d x ln a
dx
e  
d
e x ln a
  x ln a  (chain rule)
dx

d x
dx
a   e x ln a
 ln a

 ln
( lnaax is a constant.)
a
d ln a x
dx
e  
Incorporating the chain rule:
d x ln a
dx
e   d u du
d dx
 
a  a ln a
u

dx
e x ln a
  x ln a 
dx

So far today we have:

d u u du d du
e e
dx
 
a  a ln a
u u

dx
dx dx

Now it is relatively easy to find the derivative of ln x .


y  ln x dy 1
 y
dx e
e xy

d y d
dx
 
e   x
dx
d
dx
ln x 
1
x
dy
ey
1 d 1 du
dx ln u 
dx u dx

To find the derivative of a common log function, you
could just use the change of base rule for logs:

d d ln x 1 d 1 1
log x   ln x  
dx dx ln10 ln10 dx ln10 x
The formula for the derivative of a log of any base
other than e is:

d 1 du
log a u 
dx u ln a dx

d u u du d du
e e
dx
 
a  a ln a
u u

dx
dx dx

d 1 du d 1 du
ln u  log a u 
dx u dx dx u ln a dx

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