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Notes For Students

The 8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit device that can operate at clock speeds of up to 3MHz. It has 8 data lines, 16 address lines, and features like registers, arithmetic logic unit, interrupt handling, and serial I/O. The pin configurations include power, data/address bus, control signals, interrupts, serial I/O, and reset lines to interface with memory and peripheral devices.

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Anif Ilham Ismail
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59 views

Notes For Students

The 8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit device that can operate at clock speeds of up to 3MHz. It has 8 data lines, 16 address lines, and features like registers, arithmetic logic unit, interrupt handling, and serial I/O. The pin configurations include power, data/address bus, control signals, interrupts, serial I/O, and reset lines to interface with memory and peripheral devices.

Uploaded by

Anif Ilham Ismail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Features:-

 It is an 8-bit microprocessor i.e. it can accept, process or


provide 8-bit data simultaneously.
 It operates on a single +5V power supply connected at Vcc,
power supply ground is connected to Vss.
 It can operate with a 3 MHz clock frequency.
 It has 16 address lines, hence it can access 64 Kbytes of
memory.
 It provides 8 bit I/O addresses to access 256 I/O ports.
Features:-
 In 8085, the lower 8-bit address bus(A0-A7) and data
bus(D0-D7) are multiplexed. Due to this external latch is
required to separate these.
 It supports 74 instructions.
 It has 8-bit accumulator, flag register, instruction register, six
8-bit general purpose registers (B,C,D,E,H and L) and two 16-
bit registers (SP and PC).
Features:-
 It provides five hardware interrupts:
Trap, RST 7.5, RST 6.5,RST 5.5 and INTR.
 It has serial I/O control which allows serial
communication.
 It provides control signals (IO//M, /RD, /WR)
 The 8085 has an ability to share system bus with Direct
Memory Access (DMA) controller.
Architecture of 8085
It consists of various functional blocks as listed below:
 Registers
 ALU
 Instruction decoder and machine cycle encoder
 Address buffer and Data Buffer
 Interrupt control
 Serial I/O control
 Timing and control circuitry
Register Structure

 8085 includes six 6-bit registers (B, C,


D, E, H and L)
 One accumulator
 One flag register
 Two 16-bit registers (SP and PC)
Register Structure
General Purpose Register:
B, C, D, E, H and L are 8-bit general purpose register can
be as a separate 8-bit registers or as 16-bit register pairs,
BC, DE and HL.

Temporary Register:
The ALU has two inputs, one input is supplied by the
accumulator and other from temporary data register.
These are internally used for execution of most of the
arithmetic and logical instructions.
Special Purpose Register:-

Accumulator:
It is an 8-bit register. It is extensively used in
arithmetic, logic, load and store operations, as well as
in input/output operations. Most of the times the result
of arithmetic and logical operations is stored in the
accumulator.
Register
Flag Register:
It is an 8-bit register, in which five of the bits carry
significant information in the form of flags.

S (Sign Flag):
After the execution of arithmetic or logical operation, if bit
D7 of the result is 1, the sign flag is set. In a given byte if D7
is 1, it is viewed as a negative number, else it is viewed as a
positive number.
Flags
Z (Zero Flag):
The zero flag is set if the result of operation in ALU is zero and
flag resets if result is non zero.

AC (Auxiliary Carry Flag):


This flag is set if there is an overflow out of bit 3, i.e. carry from
lower nibble to higher nibble(D3 to D4). This flag is used for BCD
operations.
Flags
P(Parity Flag):
Parity is defined by the number of ones present in the
accumulator. After an operation if the result has an even
number of ones, the flag is set, if the number is odd, flag is
reset.

CY(Carry Flag):
This flag is set if there is an overflow out of bit 7. The carry
flag also serves as a borrow flag for subtraction.
Instruction Register:
The CPU stores the opcode in a register called the instruction
register.

Program Counter:
It stores the address of the next instruction to be fetched.
Stack Pointer:
It is the reserved area in the RAM where temporary information
may be stored. It is used to store the address of the most recent
stack entry.
Arithmetic Logic Unit
The 8085’s ALU performs arithmetic and logical functions on
eight variables. The arithmetic unit performs bitwise
fundamental arithmetic operations such as addition and
subtraction. The logic unit performs logical operations such as
complement, AND, OR, EX-OR, rotate and clear. The ALU also
looks after the branching decisions.
PIN
CONFIGURATION:-
The signals of 8085 can be classified into seven groups
according to there functions:-
 Power Supply and Frequency signals
 Data bus and address bus
 Control bus
 Interrupt signals
 Serial I/O signals
 DMA signals
 Reset Signals
Power Supply and Frequency Signals:
 Vcc: It requires a single +5V power supply.
 Vss: Ground reference.
 X1 and X2: A tuned circuit LC, RC or crystal is connected to
these two pins for generating clock cycles.
 CLK OUT: This signal is used as a system clock for other
devices. Its frequency is half the oscillator frequency.
Data Bus and Address Bus:-
AD0 to AD7:
♣ The 8-bit data bus(D0–D7) is multiplexed with the lower
half of the 16 bit address bus(A0-A7).

A8 to A15:
♣ The upper half of the 16-bit address bus appears on the
address lines A8 to A15. These lines are most significant
8 bits of the 16-bit address lines.
Control and Status Signals:-
ALE(Address Latch enable):
The latching of lower half of an address bus is done using an
external latch and ALE signals.
/RD and /WR:
These signals are basically used to control the direction of the
data flow between processor and memory or I/O devices. A
low on RD indicates that the data must be read from the
selected memory location or I/O port via data bus. A low on
WR indicates that the data must be written into the selected
memory location or I/O port via data bus.
Control and Status Signals:-
IO//M, S0 and S1: IO//M
indicates whether I/o operation or memory operation is
being carried out. S1 and S0 indicates the type of machine
cycle in progress.

READY:
It is used by the microprocessor to sense whether a peripheral
is ready or not for data transfer.
Interrupt Signals:-
 The 8085 has five hardware interrupt signals: RST 5.5, RST
6.6, RST 7.5, TRAP and INTR. The microprocessor
recognizes request on these lines at the end of the current
instruction execution.

 The INTA(interrupt acknowledge) signal is used to indicate


that the processor has acknowledged an INTR interrupt.
Serial I/O Signals
 SID (Serial I/P Data):

This input signal is used to accept serial data bit by bit from
the external device.

 SOD (Serial O/P Data):

This is an output signal which enables the transmission of


serial data bit to the external device.
DMA Signal
HOLD:
This signal indicates that another master is requesting for
the use of address bus, data bus and control bus.

HLDA:
This activate high signal is used to acknowledge HOLD
request.
Reset Signals
RESET IN:

A low on the pin, Sets the PC to zero and Resets the interrupt
enable and HLDA flip-flops.

RESET OUT:

This active high signal indicates that processor is being reset.


This signal is synchronized to the processor clock and it can be
used to reset other devices connected to the system.

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