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Direct and Indirect Speech

The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports the main idea without quotation marks by using noun clauses. When changing from direct to indirect speech, the tenses of verbs and modal verbs may need to be changed depending on the tense in the original direct statement.

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112 views11 pages

Direct and Indirect Speech

The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports the main idea without quotation marks by using noun clauses. When changing from direct to indirect speech, the tenses of verbs and modal verbs may need to be changed depending on the tense in the original direct statement.

Uploaded by

nua iretson
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIRECT AND INDIRECT

SPEECH

Emirensiana K.N.D
Aveane Hesteria Henny
Keperawatan 7
Kelas XI
A. Direct speech
   

 When the actual words of the speaker are


reproduced, it is called direct speech.
 Shows a person’s exact words. Quotation marks
(“. . .”) are a sign that the words are the same
words that a person used.
 For example: Ravi said, “ I am playing
Cricket.”
 Sally said, “I want to go to bed.”

back
B. Indirect speech/Reported speech
    

 When the main idea of a speaker’s words is


reported by another person and the exact words
are not quoted, it is called indirect speech or
reported speech.
 Puts the speaker’s words or ideas into a sentence
without quotation marks. Noun clauses are
usually used.
 For example: Ravi said that he was playing.
 Sally said (that) she wanted to go to bed.
Next
1.      THERE IS THREE TYPES
OF INDIRECT SPEECH
 a. Declarative (Statement) àthe sentence use
“that”
 For Example :
 D : He said, “we will go to Singapore
tomorrow”
 I : He said that they would go to Singapore the
next day.
 D : Bob said, ” I’m a university student”
 I : Bob said that he was a university student.
B. Imperative (Command/request) 
 

In reporting commands and requests, the


indirect speech is introduced by some verb
expressing commands and requests, and the
Imperative Mood is changed into Infinitive Mood.
 D : He told me, “wait for me !”
 I : He told me to wait for him.
 D : She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
 I : She told me not to cheat anymore.
 D : Raja said to John, “Go away.”
 I : Raja ordered John to go away.
 D : He said to Mary, “Please wait here till I
return.”
 I : he requested Mary to wait there till he
returned.
c.       Interrogative (question )
 When reporting a question, an order or a request, the connector ‘that’ is not used.

 For Example :

 D : Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”


 I : Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
 D : The Visitor said to me, "Is your father at home?"
 I : The visitor asked me if my father was at home.
 D : I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
 I : I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
 D : He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
 I : He asked me how I would go there.
 D : The girl said, ‘May I come in?’
 I : The girl asked if she could come in.
2. TENSE CHANGE IN
INDIRECT SPEECH

 While converting direct speech into indirect


speech, the tense of the verb must change
accordingly
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present simple Past simple
She said, “It’s a good day.” She said (that) it was a good day.
Present continuous Past continuous
She said, “I am playing the piano.” She said (that) she was playing the piano.
Present perfect simple Past perfect simple
She said, “I have lived in Macau since She said (that) she had lived in Macau since
2000.” 2000.
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
She said, “I have been learning Spanish for She said (that) she had been learning Spanish
six months.” for six months.
Past simple Past perfect
She said, “I went Macau two days ago.” She said (that) she had gone to Macau two
days ago.
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
She said, “I was dancing.” She said (that) she had been dancing.
Past perfect Past perfect
She said, “I had finished my homework She said (that) she had finished her
when he arrived.” homework when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
She said, “I had been dancing for five She said (that) she had been dancing for
back
If the reported speech express a universal truth or habitual
fact, its tense remain unchanged:
 

D : The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”


I : The teacher said that the earth goes/went round the sun. She
said,
D :“Girls are usually more sincere than boys”
I :She said that girls are usually more sincere than boys.
3. MODAL CHANGE: Modal
verbs may also change.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
will would
She said, “I will go to Macau.” She said (that) she would go to Macau.
can could
She said, “I can go to Macau.” She said (that) she could go to Macau.
shall should
She said, “I shall go to Macau.” She said (that) she should go to Macau.
may might
She said, “I may go to Macau.” She said (that) she might go to Macau.
must had to
She said, “I must go to Macau.” She said (that) she had to go to Macau

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