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RHCSA-4 Basic Concepts and Commands

This document provides an overview of the Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) technology course and covers basic Linux concepts such as run levels, commands for viewing system information and time/date configuration, directory navigation and manipulation commands, and input/output redirection. It also demonstrates commands for working with files including viewing contents, identifying types and manipulating. Finally, it discusses pipes and redirection of standard input, output, and error streams.

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Mohammad Mahboob Rahmati
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77 views

RHCSA-4 Basic Concepts and Commands

This document provides an overview of the Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) technology course and covers basic Linux concepts such as run levels, commands for viewing system information and time/date configuration, directory navigation and manipulation commands, and input/output redirection. It also demonstrates commands for working with files including viewing contents, identifying types and manipulating. Finally, it discusses pipes and redirection of standard input, output, and error streams.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Mahboob Rahmati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Redhat Certified System Administrator

Technology Course RH-124


(RHCSA)

BY- Ankit Shukla


Basic Concepts of Linux

• Physical Console: - The hardware display and keyboard used to


interact with a system.

• Virtual Console: - One of multiple logical consoles that can each


support an independent login session.

• Terminal: - An interface that provides a display for output into a shell


by taking input from keyboard.
Basic Concepts of Linux
Run Levels of Linux-

• Init 0 – shutdown / halt


• Init 1 – Single user mode
• Init 2 – Multi user mode without network and GUI
• Init 3 – Multi user mode with network and Without GUI
• Init 4 – Not in USE
• Init 5 - Multi user mode with network and GUI / X11
• Init 6 – restart

[root@srv ~]# runlevel “To Show Run level of Machine”


Basic Commands of Linux
[root@srv ~]# whoami "show current user login“
[root@srv ~]# echo $SHELL "show your default shell”
[root@srv ~]# exec /bin/tcsh “Change your default shell temporary”
[root@srv ~]# echo $0 "show your shell user login”
[root@srv ~]# uname –a “O.S name, version, kernel and other info”
[root@srv ~]# hostname or hostnamectl “ show hostname related info”
[root@srv ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname SERVER “Set hostname”
[root@srv ~]# reboot “After set hostname system must be reboot”
[root@srv ~]# cal “To show calendar”
[root@srv ~]# cal 08 2015 “Show calendar particular month”
[root@srv ~]# date “Show date and time both but this old command”
[root@srv ~]# timedatectl “Show date and time with more info ”
Basic Commands of Linux
[root@srv ~]# timedatectl list-timezones “show timezone list”
[root@srv ~]# timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Kolkata“ “set time zone”
[root@srv ~]# timedatectl set-timezone UTC “set time zone”
[root@srv ~]# timedatectl set-ntp false “Disable time sysnchronization”
[root@srv ~]# timedatectl set-ntp true “Enable time sysnchronization”
[root@srv ~]# timedatectl set-time 04:16:20 HH:MM:SS “To Set time”
[root@srv ~]# timedatectl set-time 2018-06-20 Y-M-D “To Set Date”
[root@srv ~]# mkdir Dirname “To make Directory”
[root@srv ~]# mkdir /root/Desktop/Dir-1 “Create Dir another location”
[root@srv ~]# mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3 “Create separate multiple Dir.”
[root@srv ~]# mkdir -p -v dir/dir4/dir5 “Create Directory tree”
[root@srv ~]# touch file.txt “Create empty file”
[root@srv ~]# touch file1.txt file2.txt “Create multiple file”
Basic Commands of Linux
[root@srv ~]# mkdir –m 444 dirname “create dir with permission”
[root@srv ~]# pwd “To show present working directory”

• Brace Expansion
Brace expansion is used to generate flexible strings or character.
[root@srv data]# mkdir {1..8}
[root@srv data]# touch {1..8}.txt
[root@srv data]# touch {a..z}.{txt,mp3}
[root@srv data]# touch {a..c}{1..3}.{txt,mp3}
[root@srv data]# touch {a{1..3},b,c}.{txt,mp3}
[root@srv data]# mkdir {a,b,c,{1..5}}
[root@srv data]# mkdir {{1..9},{a..g}}
Basic Commands of Linux
[root@srv ~]# cd “change to the user’s home directory.”
[root@srv ~]# cd /root/Desktop/ “Change the directory”
[root@srv Desktop]# cd .. “to move back one directory from the current
directory.”
[root@srv ~]# cd ../.. “move back two directories from the current
directory.”
[root@srv ~]# ls “list directory contents”
-a “do not ignore entries starting with .”
-lh “shows file or directory, size human readable, modified date
and time, file or folder name and owner of file and its permission.”
-R “option will list very long listing directory trees.”
-lrt “shows latest modification file or directory date as last.”
-n “To display UID and GID of files and directories.”
[root@srv ~]# ls -ld /tmp/ “Show specific directory info”
Basic Commands of Linux
[root@srv ~]# cat abc.txt “Show the content of file”
[root@srv ~]# file as.txt “To identify the file type”
[root@srv ~]# head /etc/passwd “Show file content from starting 10 line”
[root@srv ~]# head -n 20 /etc/passwd “you can define no of line display”
[root@srv ~]# tail /etc/passwd “Show file content from ending 10 line”
[root@srv ~]# tail -n 20 /etc/passwd “you can define no of line display”
[root@srv ~]# wc as.txt “Count the no of word, line character”
-l = Lines counts
-w = Word counts
-c = Character counts
[root@srv ~]# history “To show the history of commands”
Note- history are stored into “.bash_history” file. It can contain up to
5000 commands.
I/O Pipes Redirection
• Standard Input (Channel 0) reads input from the keyboard.
• Standard Output (Channel 1) sends normal output to the terminal.
• Standard Error (Channel 2) sends error massages to the terminal.
 STDIN Examples-
“<“ = redirect input in a file
cat < file-name
[root@srv ~]# cat < a.txt
mail –s “Subject” username < file-name
[root@srv ~]# mail -s "hello world" root < /root/file.txt
cat > “file-name” <<“end with some character or word”
I/O Pipes Redirection
 STDOUT Examples-
> = redirect output to overwrite a file.
>> = redirect output to append a existing file.
[root@srv ~]# df -hT > as.txt
[root@srv ~]# ll >> as.txt

 STDERR Examples-
2> = redirect output to overwrite a file.
2>> = redirect output to append a existing file.
[root@srv ~]# ll /etcw 2> err.txt
Thank you

BY- Ankit Shukla

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