Scribd
Upload
10 views

What Is Null Hypothesis?: Tran Dang Ewrt 2 Amy

The document discusses the null hypothesis and how it relates to the scientific method. It provides examples of hypotheses and corresponding null hypotheses. The null hypothesis is the exact opposite of the hypothesis being tested and attempting to falsify it helps ensure rigor in research.

Uploaded by

Nguyen Tung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

What Is Null Hypothesis?: Tran Dang Ewrt 2 Amy

The document discusses the null hypothesis and how it relates to the scientific method. It provides examples of hypotheses and corresponding null hypotheses. The null hypothesis is the exact opposite of the hypothesis being tested and attempting to falsify it helps ensure rigor in research.

Uploaded by

Nguyen Tung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

What is null hypothesis?

TRAN DANG
EWRT 2
Amy
What is hypothesis?
• Hypothesis: a precise, testable prediction designed to allow the
rigorous investigation of a theory.

• Theory: a general explanation of the underlying nature of a


phenomenon

• Explanation: any attempt, formally or informally, to explain something


What is scientific method?
• Scientific method: the systematic empirical investigation of the world
through observation, experiment and measurement, together with
the development, testing and reformulation of theories
• These three ideas lie at the heart of the scientific method:
• 1 Replication: can the results we’re basing our theory on be reproduced?
• 2 Prediction: what predictions can we make on the basis of this theory?
• 3 Falsification: what evidence is capable of falsifying this theory?

• This commonly means making use of a null hypothesis in order to


explicitly put an attempt at falsification at the heart of an investigation
What is null hypothesis?
The exact opposite of the hypothesis you’re testing – seeing whether
you can falsify a null hypothesis is a common way of ensuring rigor in
research.
Example 01:
• A hypothesis:
• A smart app can successfully predict the outcome of a coin toss every time.

• The null hypothesis:


• It is simply guessing the result of a coin toss at random every time
Example 02:
• A hypothesis:
• Eating an apple per day in one year reduces times of visiting a doctor in this
year.

• The null hypothesis:


• Eating an apple per day in one year does not change the times of visiting a
doctor in this year.
Example 03:
• A hypothesis:
• Vaccine COVID-19 can reduce the mortality of infected patients.

• The null hypothesis:


• The mortality of infected patients is similar to that of unvaccinated patients.
Why is a null hypothesis important?
• Attempting to falsify a null hypothesis ensures a rigorous approach to
research.

• This is the point of working theories and falsification. The search for
that which cannot be explained by what we currently know is what
drives new knowledge – and ensures that those things we think we
know have passed the best tests we can throw at them.
Thank you for watching
• Works cited:
• Chatfield, Tom. “Chapter 05: DEVELOPING EXPLANATIONS AND THEORIES.”
Critical Thinking Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and
Independent Study, Sage, London, 2018, pp. 101–120.

You might also like