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Motor Protection

The document discusses motor protection, including AC induction motors, starting characteristics, protection methods, and faults in a motor feeder. It covers topics like starters for AC induction motors, protection methods for motors of different sizes, and faults that motor protection aims to detect such as thermal overload, locked rotor, over current, earth fault, and under voltage. Statistics on motor failure causes and classes of insulation are also presented.

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HEMANT RAMJI
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
641 views

Motor Protection

The document discusses motor protection, including AC induction motors, starting characteristics, protection methods, and faults in a motor feeder. It covers topics like starters for AC induction motors, protection methods for motors of different sizes, and faults that motor protection aims to detect such as thermal overload, locked rotor, over current, earth fault, and under voltage. Statistics on motor failure causes and classes of insulation are also presented.

Uploaded by

HEMANT RAMJI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOTOR PROTECTION

TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION

• AC INDUCTION MOTORS
• STARTING CHARACTERISTICS
• STARTERS
• PROTECTION METHODS
• FAULTS IN A MOTOR FEEDER
MOTOR PROTECTION - GENERAL
AC INDUCTION MOTORS - CONSTRUCTION

SQUIRREL CAGE 3Ph. WINDING IN STATOR


COPPER BARS IN
ROTOR
WOUND ROTOR 3Ph WINDING IN STATOR
3 Ph. WINDING IN ROTOR
(SHORTED INTERNALLY)

WOUND ROTOR 3 Ph. WINDING IN STATOR


WITH SLIP RING 3 Ph. WINDING IN ROTOR
(TERMINATED TO SLIP RINGS)

SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS 3 Ph WINDING IN STATOR


DC WINDING IN ROTOR
(TERMINATED TO SLIP RINGS)
STARTING CHARACTERISTICS
6x timesMotor Current Im Motor Full Load Current
ISt Starting Current of Motor
Ist Starting time of motor

tSt

STARTING CURRENT OF A MOTOR


- ALWAYS HIGHER THAN Im
- DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF STARTER

Im

tSt Time
GENERAL

STARTERS FOR AC INDUCTION


MOTORS FOR LT/HT MOTORS

DOL STAR DELTA

RESISTANCE LIQUID ROTOR

RESISTANCE AUTO TRANSFORMER REACTOR

VARIABLE FREQ. DRIVE


PROTECTION
LESS THAN 10 kW BIMETAL RELAY

10 KW TO 50 KW BIMETAL + SINGLE PHASING

50 KW TO 100 KW THERMAL O/L + O/C +E/F+


UNBALANCE+LOCKED ROTOR

100 KW AND ABOVE COMPREHENSIVE


MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY
THERMAL O/L+O/C+E/F+LR+
UNBALANCE+NO. OF STARTS+
UNDER LOAD+PROLONGED START

SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS ABOVE PROTECTIONS+ U/V+


(1 MW AND ABOVE) DIFFERENTIAL+ROTOR E/F+
UNDER EXCITATION+OUT OF STEP
MOTOR PROTECTION
FAULTS IN A MOTOR FEEDER

* THERMAL OVERLOAD
* LOCKED ROTOR
* OVER CURRENT (SHORT CIRCUIT)
* EARTH FAULT
* CURRENT UNBALANCE
* REPEAT STARTS
* UNDER CURRENT
* PROLONGED START
* INTER TURN SHORT
* LOSS OF EXCITATION
* UNDER EXCITATION
* UNDER VOLTAGE
* ROTOR EARTH FAULT
STATISTICS

Insulation Class & Thermal Ratings

Class of Max. Winding


Insulation Temperature

A 1050 C
1300 C
B 1550 C
1800 C
F

H
STATISTICS

Causes for Motor Failure – Historical data

Over Loads 30%


Contamination 19%
Single Phasing 14%
Bearing Failure 13%
Old age 10%
Rotor Failure 5%
Miscellaneous 9%
STATISTICS

MOTOR PROTECTION CALCULATIONS FOR


SIEMENS SIPROTEC RELAYS
OC & EF PROTECTION

1. SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION: 50-1 & 50-2


Characteristics selected = definite time
Numerical relays sense harmonic effects during staring
condition as well as under through fault
condition.
To avoid malfunctioning and filter such harmonic effects
60-80 mSec (>2 cycles) time delay shall be required.

2. EARTH FAULT PROTECTION: 51N &


50N
†Characteristics selected = Normal Inverse/DMT
NEGATIVE PH. SEQ.
PROTECTION

3. NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE PROTECTION: 46


Characteristics selected = definite time / VI
Numerical relays sense harmonic effects during staring
condition as well as under through fault condition. Also
Motor can take Negative Ph. Sequence time for>10-15
Seconds. To Avoid malfunctioning & also to get sensitivity
under actual abnormal conditions combination of VI &
DMT characteristics settings are to be used.
STARTING TIME SUPERVISION
PROTECTION

3. MOTOR STARTING PROTECTION: 48


STARTING TIME SUPERVISION
PROTECTION Continue……..

3. MOTOR STARTING PROTECTION: 48


STARTING TIME SUPERVISION
PROTECTION Continue……..

4. START INHIBIT PROTECTION: 46


THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION
5. THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION: 46
THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION Continue………
THERMAL OVERLOAD CHARACTERISTICS
THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION Continue………
THERMAL OVERLOAD CHARACTERISTICS

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